Occurrence and control of peanut bacterial wilt
2018-08-08 13:03:32
Peanut bacterial wilt is a bacterial vascular bundle disease caused by bacterial infection by P. aeruginosa. The disease is widely distributed, and peanuts, tobacco, tomatoes, peppers, kidney beans, potatoes, and sesame seeds are common.
First, the symptoms
Peanuts are most susceptible to this disease at the early flowering stage. At the beginning of the diseased plant, the first and second leaves of the main stem were first lost in water, and the leaves were delayed in the morning, and the leaves were advanced in the afternoon. After l~2 days, the whole plant or one side of the diseased plant was sharply wilted from top to bottom, the color was dim, and it was green and green. The diseased plant is easy to pull up, and its main root tip, fruit stalk, and fruit pod are dark brown and wet, and the nodule is dark green. The longitudinal vascular bundle of the diseased stem is dark brown, and the white mucus overflows when the cross-section is moisturized and slightly squeezed.
Second, the law of occurrence
The pathogens can be used in the soil for 14 months to 8 years with the soil, the diseased plant residues, the weeds, and the mixed soil and manure, which are spread by rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural tools and insect vectors. The pathogen invades from the root wounds and natural wounds of the plant, propagates in the vascular bundle, secretes toxins, causes blockage of the catheter, and the plants first wilted, and then the bacteria enter the intercellular space between the cortex and the parenchyma of the parenchyma, causing it to disintegrate and rot. Out, repeat dip dyeing. According to the survey, high temperature and high humidity are most beneficial to this disease. When the temperature rises above 25 °C, the amount of rainfall and sooner or later determine the disease to occur sooner or later. Generally, it is severe when it rains, when it rains heavily, or when it rains for a long time; when the temperature and humidity of the soil suddenly changes or the number of nematodes in the land increases, the roots are injured or rotted, and the low-lying drainage is high. Severe; sandy soil, thin soil layer, water-maintaining and poor-maintenance land is more serious than loam and soil; continuous cropping field is more serious than rotation field; acid soil is more serious than slightly alkaline soil; grass damage is more than grass damage The block is serious. In addition, there is a significant difference in resistance between varieties.
Third, prevention and treatment methods
1. Agricultural control Choose high-yield and disease-resistant varieties and make a reasonable rotation. There are water sources, water and drought rotation, and better control. Dry land can be rotated with melons and gramineous crops for 3 to 5 years, avoiding continuous cropping with crops such as Solanaceae, Leguminosae, and Sesame. Dryland peanuts, short-term irrigation before planting, can cause a large number of germs to die. It is cultivated with sorghum, planted in a timely manner, and properly planted to prevent field shading and flooding. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention to prevent water and water from spreading in the field.
Using formula fertilization technology, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote the stable and early development of peanut. Lime can be applied to acidic soils to reduce soil acidity and reduce disease occurrence. The diseased plants found in the field should be removed immediately, taken out of the field and buried with lime. When the peanuts are harvested, the diseased plants and residues are removed in time to reduce the soil pathogen.
2. Before the drug is treated, it is sterilized and sterilized by soaking seeds with 1000 times of 32% bacteria solution for 8 to 12 hours. In the early stage of the disease, 2500 to 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin or neomycin can be sprayed, or 1500 to 2000 letters. The 32% gram solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and even sprayed 3 to 4 times. In addition, the biofoliar fertilizer can be sprayed at the initial flowering stage to promote the beneficial microbial activities of the roots, and also play a role in inhibiting the development of pathogenic bacteria.
First, the symptoms
Peanuts are most susceptible to this disease at the early flowering stage. At the beginning of the diseased plant, the first and second leaves of the main stem were first lost in water, and the leaves were delayed in the morning, and the leaves were advanced in the afternoon. After l~2 days, the whole plant or one side of the diseased plant was sharply wilted from top to bottom, the color was dim, and it was green and green. The diseased plant is easy to pull up, and its main root tip, fruit stalk, and fruit pod are dark brown and wet, and the nodule is dark green. The longitudinal vascular bundle of the diseased stem is dark brown, and the white mucus overflows when the cross-section is moisturized and slightly squeezed.
Second, the law of occurrence
The pathogens can be used in the soil for 14 months to 8 years with the soil, the diseased plant residues, the weeds, and the mixed soil and manure, which are spread by rainwater, irrigation water, agricultural tools and insect vectors. The pathogen invades from the root wounds and natural wounds of the plant, propagates in the vascular bundle, secretes toxins, causes blockage of the catheter, and the plants first wilted, and then the bacteria enter the intercellular space between the cortex and the parenchyma of the parenchyma, causing it to disintegrate and rot. Out, repeat dip dyeing. According to the survey, high temperature and high humidity are most beneficial to this disease. When the temperature rises above 25 °C, the amount of rainfall and sooner or later determine the disease to occur sooner or later. Generally, it is severe when it rains, when it rains heavily, or when it rains for a long time; when the temperature and humidity of the soil suddenly changes or the number of nematodes in the land increases, the roots are injured or rotted, and the low-lying drainage is high. Severe; sandy soil, thin soil layer, water-maintaining and poor-maintenance land is more serious than loam and soil; continuous cropping field is more serious than rotation field; acid soil is more serious than slightly alkaline soil; grass damage is more than grass damage The block is serious. In addition, there is a significant difference in resistance between varieties.
Third, prevention and treatment methods
1. Agricultural control Choose high-yield and disease-resistant varieties and make a reasonable rotation. There are water sources, water and drought rotation, and better control. Dry land can be rotated with melons and gramineous crops for 3 to 5 years, avoiding continuous cropping with crops such as Solanaceae, Leguminosae, and Sesame. Dryland peanuts, short-term irrigation before planting, can cause a large number of germs to die. It is cultivated with sorghum, planted in a timely manner, and properly planted to prevent field shading and flooding. Pay attention to drainage and flood prevention to prevent water and water from spreading in the field.
Using formula fertilization technology, apply sufficient base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply nitrogen fertilizer to promote the stable and early development of peanut. Lime can be applied to acidic soils to reduce soil acidity and reduce disease occurrence. The diseased plants found in the field should be removed immediately, taken out of the field and buried with lime. When the peanuts are harvested, the diseased plants and residues are removed in time to reduce the soil pathogen.
2. Before the drug is treated, it is sterilized and sterilized by soaking seeds with 1000 times of 32% bacteria solution for 8 to 12 hours. In the early stage of the disease, 2500 to 3000 times of agricultural streptomycin or neomycin can be sprayed, or 1500 to 2000 letters. The 32% gram solution is sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, and even sprayed 3 to 4 times. In addition, the biofoliar fertilizer can be sprayed at the initial flowering stage to promote the beneficial microbial activities of the roots, and also play a role in inhibiting the development of pathogenic bacteria.
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