Artificially cultivated meat can be listed on the market in 5 years. Do you dare to eat it?
Original title: Artificially cultivated meat in the laboratory can be launched on a large scale after 5 years. Do you dare to eat it?
In 2013, the world's first Hamburger made with artificially cultivated meat was born in the United States. At that time, the meat was cultivated from animal cell samples and finally grew into an edible tissue. At the time, this kind of meat might not be right and it was expensive. A hamburger made in this way would cost US$330,000 (about 2.2 million RMB).
Artificially cultivated meat.
Although the flavour of Hamburg did not lead to an overwhelming praise, how to supervise these artificially cultivated meats has caused heated public debate. Which agencies are responsible for supervising the artificial cultivation of meat, how to formulate regulatory rules, and what are the issues that need to be solved urgently.
At present, these artificially cultivated meats have not yet been sold on the market. However, technical and cost issues are being solved and laboratory meat products may become one of the largest industries in the United States.
"Science" magazine said that the United States already has a number of start-up companies and companies in other regions began to try large-scale production of these meats. In the San Francisco Bay Area of ​​California, for example, Memphis Meats hopes to sell its artificially cultivated meatballs, hotdogs, and sausages on shelves in the next five years. Another company named Perfect Day is more aggressive and hopes to put such products on its own shelves by the end of 2017.
From U.S. history, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regulates meat, poultry, and eggs; the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for the safety of food additives. At the same time, FDA also regulates foods or drugs produced by human tissues, blood, cells, and genes. However, the emerging artificial cultivation of meat may not apply the above regulatory rules.
In order to better regulate these meats. The White House released the latest manual and detailed inspection details last year to guide US agencies to oversee agricultural biotechnology. The National Institute of Science and Engineering and the medical institutions in Washington, DC, are learning extensively and hope to establish boundaries for the development of biotechnology in the future and rules. The reports of the two agencies will be announced to the public by the end of this year.
In addition to the efforts of government departments, industry leaders are also trying to make artificially cultivated meat products meet regulatory requirements. One of the ways is to show the regulators that their products are as safe as existing foods, and that there are no obstacles to such tests. "Most of the food regulatory methods are to allow new products to be classified as products that have already been approved, so that they can prove their own safety." Isha Datar, CEO of the non-profit New Harvest, said in an interview with Science.
Many companies have adopted this method, they use cells and other biotechnology to produce enzymes, proteins added to food, said Vincent Sewalt, senior director of DuPont BioScience Industry. For example, yeast can be used to produce special amylases that can increase food freshness when added to foods. Such food additives require FDA permission. In order to meet FDA standards, companies in the industry often choose bacteria that are known to be harmless and non-toxic, and then use these bacteria to produce their products.
However, regulation of artificially cultivated meat may be more complicated. Because the cultivation of these meats depends on the cells isolated from animal muscles. They are neither animal foods nor food additives and can hardly be considered food.
“This is an unlabeled field,†Nicole Negowetti, head of the Good Food Agency, said in an interview with Science. “I think the USDA rules apply to animal foods, so artificial cultivation of meat does not meet their supervision. ."
Negowetti believes that artificially cultivated meat is still beyond FDA regulation because the FDA regulates products containing human cell tissue, but artificially cultivated meat does not originate from humans.
As a result, artificially cultivated meat becomes food that is not regulated by two government departments. From the perspective of the United States, there is still no clear boundary for current supervision. How to ensure the safety of such food is still a problem to be solved. However, it has already been suggested that the re-establishment of new institutions to regulate such foods may be a feasible solution. (Source: News Network reporter Wang Xinxin)
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