China's vigorous development of clean energy, energy saving and emission reduction has obvious effect

According to Su Wei, director of the Department of Climate Change at the National Development and Reform Commission, China has achieved remarkable results through such policies and measures as energy conservation, improvement of energy efficiency, optimization of industrial structure, development of clean energy, and strengthening of ecological construction. From 2006 to 2012, the national energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 23.6%, which is equivalent to about 1.8 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

Su Wei said at the launching ceremony of “Retaining the beautiful blue low-carbon line of blue earth” on the same day that in recent years, with the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events such as droughts, floods, and tsunami, the adverse effects of climate warming have become increasingly significant. The blue earth is changing, and the homes on which humankind depends are facing an unprecedented crisis. Joining hands in dealing with climate change and protecting the global environment has become an international consensus and a general trend.

Su Wei said that the Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to addressing climate change and low-carbon development work. Starting from the long-term development of all mankind and the Chinese nation, we have vigorously promoted energy conservation, energy efficiency, industrial structure optimization and other policies and measures in recent years in an effort to promote green and low carbon. Development has achieved remarkable results.

He said that in the field of clean and renewable energy, China’s installed capacity of hydropower, nuclear power under construction, solar heat collection area, wind power installed capacity, and artificial afforestation area rank first in the world, and it has made positive contributions to coping with global climate change.

Su Wei said that the “Retaining the Blue Earth of the Beautiful China Low-Carriers” event sponsored by the National Center for Climate Strategy Research and the International Cooperation Center will use public welfare micro films, public interest songs, low-carbon and climate science campuses, and low carbon beauty. In various forms such as the China Forum, the concept of respecting nature, conforming to nature, and the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature has been adopted. Through widespread popularization of low-carbon knowledge, vigorous efforts are made to develop low-carbon technologies, and mobilizing all social forces to work together to retain the blue earth.

The organizers will also hold “Bicycling by me” bike relay activities in 10 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Xiamen, Dalian, Hangzhou, Jinan, Wuhan, Shenzhen, Nanjing, etc. "Green travel mode" concept of low-carbon life.

At the launching ceremony, many well-known figures in the art world, including Gao Xiaosong, Xiao Ke, Yue Minjun, Yin Xiaotian, Zhang Zijian, and Chen Quan, stated that they will strive to save energy and low carbon in their daily lives and make due contributions to the cause of environmental protection.

"Low carbon" refers to lower greenhouse gas emissions (mainly carbon dioxide). Since the industrial revolution, due to human activities, especially the mining and burning of fossil fuels such as coal, the content of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere has increased dramatically. This has led to global climate change, which is characterized by warming, and has seriously threatened global economic, social, and ecological security.

Total energy consumption is still increasing, leveraging the market to reduce emissions

The China National Environmental Monitoring Center recently released 74 air quality reports in April. Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Tangshan, Handan, Baoding, Xi’an, Jinan, Xining, Taiyuan and Zhengzhou have relatively poor air quality, including 5 In Hebei Province.

Moreover, in some areas of northern China, the recent haze has begun to appear. So that someone sighed, "Is the heating season over, is it still so heavy?"

Pollution control techniques and modes have progressed, but they cannot respect industrial technological progress and neglect industrial restructuring

In recent years, some of the eastern provinces under the background of vigorously advancing the structure adjustment and transfer methods, their industrial structure should have been “lightening”, but in fact they are still “heavily weighted”. "For example, Hebei's steel output was 164 million tons last year. Is it possible that urban air quality can be improved?" said one expert, who declined to be named.

The high energy-consuming steel industry has accumulated in an extremely narrow space in an intensive manner. No matter what kind of clean production and centralized pollution control methods are adopted, pollution problems beyond the local environmental capacity cannot be solved.

“In addition to these years of investment issues, it is also related to the fiscal and taxation system. Real estate has been regulated and land finances have been curbed. Plus, there are no land resources available for development, so some places have started to vacate for birds. 'The expert said that after relocating labor-intensive industries, what kind of "birds" will bring more fiscal revenue and ensure that local GDP will not be surpassed by other provinces? Obviously, the heavy chemical industry is one of the best "birds." In some provinces, under the banner of eliminating backward production capacity and energy conservation and environmental protection, the heavy chemical industry was invited back, even though its equipment process is often more advanced than before.

Ji Jianguo, a researcher at the Institute of Quantitative Economics and Technology Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that at present, pollution control techniques and models have progressed. However, they cannot admire industrial technological progress and ignore industrial restructuring. We must know that the cumulative effect of pollution is also extremely serious.

China's industrialization has not yet been completed, the transfer of heavy chemical industries to the central and western regions has accelerated, and the pressure for energy saving and emission reduction is still high.

“In 2012, due to the slowdown in economic development, the development of China’s industries, especially the high-energy-consuming industries, has been slowed, and the pressure for energy-saving and emission-reduction has been reduced accordingly.” said Li Zuojun, deputy director of the State Council’s Research Institute for Resources and Environmental Policies under the State Council’s Development and Research Center. The situation is still very severe. China still has about 10 years to complete the process of industrialization. During this period, the demand for heavy chemical industry is still large; and as long as 2-3 years can pass through the current economic low period, the pressure of energy saving and emission reduction will be significantly increased. Big.

The total energy consumption in China is still increasing. According to the 2012 China Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Development Report, from 1990 to 2011, China's energy intensity per unit of GDP has dropped by 56%, and the unit GDP carbon dioxide intensity has dropped by 58%. Energy conservation and emission reduction has achieved significant “unit effectiveness”. However, during this 21-year period, total energy consumption has increased 3.5 times, and total carbon dioxide emissions have also increased by 3.4 times. "At present, China's total energy consumption still does not reach its peak value. Only by implementing total control objectives and measures, can the fossil energy consumption be generally stabilized after the industrialization phase is basically completed." Dean, Low Carbon Economic Research Institute, Tsinghua University He Jiankun said.

Moreover, it cannot be overlooked that in recent years, the industries in the eastern coastal areas of China, especially the heavy chemical industry, have accelerated their transfer to the central and western regions, which has increased the pressure for energy conservation and emission reduction in the western region. In recent years, China's energy-saving emission reduction targets have not been completed as scheduled, most of which are concentrated in the western region. According to the "2012 China Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Development Report" issued by China Industrial Energy Conservation and Cleaner Production Association, in 2010, total output of electrolytic aluminum in three provinces (regions) including Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia was close to two provinces, Shandong and Henan. The output accounts for 26.5% and 32.7% of the national total respectively.

In addition, European and American countries have implemented "double opposition" in China's new energy industries such as solar energy and wind energy. This, coupled with the lagging development of domestic new energy markets, has caused efforts to improve the energy structure to be somewhat hindered.

Clarify the boundary between the government and the market and incorporate ecological and environmental protection into the statistics and evaluation system of national economic development accounting

Taking sewage treatment as an example, some places are keen to engage in projects and construction projects in person, rather than performing their duties in terms of planning, standards, supervision, law enforcement, and so on. Local governments have invested heavily in the construction of a sewage treatment plant, and no matter after inspection and acceptance. Subsequently, in order to reduce operating costs, these sewage treatment plants often cut production, stop work, and made false ones, and did not achieve the necessary pollution control functions. At present, a total of 3,836 urban sewage treatment facilities have been put into operation nationwide, and there are not a few sewage treatment enterprises that have the above problems. For this reason, the Ministry of Environmental Protection recently announced to the whole society that it required to strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure stable operation.

“Taking new energy as an example, measures to save companies and save GDP in some localities will delay the reshuffle of companies and increase the final exit cost.” Li Junfeng said.

“Since the promotion of energy-saving and emission-reduction is simply driven by the government, there are side effects, such as the problems of power cuts and surprise strikes occurring in the late period of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan,” and the use of market-based measures to promote energy-saving and emission reduction has low costs, high efficiency, and Fairness and other advantages," said Li Zuojun.

According to reports, during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, China's energy-saving and emission-reduction systems will be led by all levels of government promotion. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is expected that the model will be promoted by market forces. However, how to get rid of the major obstacles to this market model?

"The key lies in whether we can establish a 'green GDP' assessment system and incorporate ecological environmental protection into the national economic development accounting statistics and evaluation system." Qi Jianguo said that the national economic accounting system innovation should be based on the traditional national accounts accounting system. The “community common natural assets” account has been incorporated into the national wealth statistics evaluation system to measure pollution losses and used to assess the level of regional economic and social development and government performance. Otherwise, China's industrial structure, energy structure adjustment may be in a form.

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