Common diseases and prevention methods of tomatoes during planting
Red tomato, fruity red, generally slightly oblate, umbilical small, fleshy, sweet sand, juicy and refreshing, good flavor, raw food, cooked food, can also be processed into tomato sauce, tomato juice; pink tomato, fruit powder Red, nearly spherical, small umbilicus, smooth fruit surface, moderate sweet and sour taste, good quality, yellow tomato, orange fruit, large spherical, thick flesh, fleshy and smooth, raw food, light, suitable for cooked food. So how can the maximum guarantee during the planting period not be harmed by pests and diseases?
Late blight
Symptom recognition: Tomato late blight, also known as tomato blight, is the most common and most dangerous disease on tomato. The disease is caused by fungi, mainly damage to leaves and fruits, and can also damage stems and petioles. Both the seedling stage and the adult stage can be infected. In the seedling stage, the disease spot is spread by the main stem of the leaf, the tender stem is contracted and rotted, the branches and leaves of the diseased part die, and the white mold layer is formed on the surface of the diseased part when the humidity is high.
The law of onset: The disease likes high temperature and high humidity environment, the optimum temperature is 18-25 °C, and the relative humidity is above 95%. The optimal growth period is from adult to fruiting, and the incubation period is 3-5 days. In the years with many rainy days, the incidence is heavy, the terrain is low, the poorly drained fields are seriously affected, the planting is too dense, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the field of improper management of fertilizer and water is seriously affected.
Control method:
1 rotation: rotation with non-solanaceae crops for more than 3 years;
2 Remove the diseased body, remove the diseased fruit in a timely manner during the disease season, and remove the diseased body in time;
3 cultivation control: strengthen field management, improve plant disease resistance, watering is easy to carry out on sunny days to prevent flooding. After the cultivation and cultivation of the protected land, it should be timely drained and drained, reasonably densely planted, timely pruning and forking, removing the old leaves of the lower part of the plant, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions, and increasing the amount of air release under the premise of ensuring humidity;
4 chemical control: in the early stage of the disease, use 72% downy mildew WP to dilute 800-1000 times spray, spray once every 7-10 days, 3-4 times in a row.
Viral disease
Symptom recognition: The disease is a disease caused by a virus. The main symptoms in the field are: mosaic leaves, fern leaves, stripes, clumps, leaf curls, and yellow tops. The disease occurred more seriously in the growth of autumn-sown tomatoes.
The law of onset: The disease likes a high temperature and arid environment. The night temperature and ground temperature are high, and there is less rain. When the mites are more, the occurrence is more serious. The fertilizer and water are uneven, and the field where the nitrogen fertilizer is applied is more serious. The optimal disease environment temperature is 20-35 °C. The relative humidity is below 80%, and the optimal growth period is from the five-leaf stage to the middle and late fruit setting, and the onset incubation period is 10-15 days. The general high temperature and dry weather is conducive to the occurrence and prevalence of the disease.
Control method:
1Select resistant hybrids;
2 Use disease-free seeds and disinfect seeds before planting;
3 scientific management, cultivate strong seedlings, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote plant growth and robustness, in order to improve disease resistance;
4 anti-mite, cure. To prevent the mites from spreading the virus, you can use the 2.5% medium-protected sputum-free emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times solution, or the 4% scorpion emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times solution to spray;
5 chemical control, before the onset or onset of the onset, you can use 40% kebaobao soluble powder 1000 times solution, spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row.
Bacterial wilt
Symptom recognition: The disease is caused by bacteria and is a bacterial vascular bundle tissue disease. The leaves showed that the initial top new leaves wilted and drooped, and the lower and lower leaves developed wilting. The next is the middle leaves producing wilting. After the onset, the leaves are lighter in color and appear green and dry. In the initial stage of the disease, the leaves of the plants appeared wilting during the day, and returned to normal after the evening. They soon spread to the whole plant with wilting and no longer recovered and died. The stems showed that the initial water-stained spots were brown after the enlargement, and the lower part of the diseased stem was rough. It often produces adventitious roots, cuts the diseased stem, and the vascular bundle turns brown. After cross-cutting, it can be used to squeeze out the milky white mucus.
The law of onset: The disease likes high temperature and high humidity, the optimal temperature range of the disease is 20-38 °C, and the optimal growth period is the middle and late stage of tomato disease, and the incubation period is 5-20 days. The terrain is low, the drainage is poor, and the soil with acidity is heavier. The incidence of the disease is heavier in the hot and rainy autumn. The weather conditions that cause the symptoms are sudden rain after heavy rain or continuous rain, the temperature rises rapidly, the humidity in the field is large, and the disease will occur. A piece appears.
Control method: Under the current situation that there is no ideal control agent for tomato bacterial wilt, the following links should be taken into account in prevention and control:
1 Breeding and adapting to disease-resistant and high-yield varieties according to local conditions;
2 Rotation in heavily ill areas and seriously ill fields, it is best to carry out water and drought rotation with rice;
3 Strengthen fertilizer and water management. Remediation of irrigation and drainage system, sorghum deep ditch cultivation, to prevent flood irrigation;
4 The initial fruiting period began to strengthen the inspection. Once the diseased plants were found, they were removed and collected and burned. The diseased plants and nearby plants were immersed in 77% to kill 800 times of suspension, or 800 times of liquid, more than 2 times, 7- Once every 10 days, the front is dense and drenched, and the feet are soaked (200-500 ml/plant or more).
Gray mold
Symptom recognition: Mainly harmful to flowers and fruits, leaves and stems can also be affected. The affected part is watery or yellowish brown with a wet rot, and the surface is covered with a gray to taupe thick layer.
Incidence pattern: The pathogen spreads by airflow and invades from the host wound or aging organ. The pathogen is a weak parasitic bacteria, which can be rotted on organic matter, and the developmental temperature is 20-23 °C. Appropriate temperature (about 20 ° C), relative humidity above 90% is conducive to the onset. If the host grows weak, it is easy to induce the disease.
Control method:
1 pay attention to breeding resistant varieties with high resistance to disease;
2 clean the pastoral, remove the old leaves, properly handle, do not discard them;
3 to prevent tomato from spreading flowers. In the case of staining, add 0.1% 40% Shima Le Suspending Agent to the tomato spirit or 2,4-D to make the flower container dipped. After the fruit setting, use a concentration of 0.1% 40% Shima Le suspension solution. Spraying the fruit 2 times, once every 7 days, can prevent the occurrence of diseases;
4 In the early stage of the disease, grasp the continuous spraying and control disease, use 40% Shima Le Le Suspending Agent 1000 times solution, and other drugs for prevention and control of gray mold and alternate rotation or mixed spraying 2-3 times, once every 7-10 days.
Cotton rot
Symptoms identify tomato cotton rot that is mainly harmful to fruits. The fruit is contaminated with yellow-brown or brown large spots, causing the whole fruit to rot, but the surface of the damaged fruit is generally not deformed, and sometimes the peel is broken. The diseased fruit generally does not fall off, and there is a large amount of white flocculent layer on the upper dense, which is different from the plague. Infection at the seedling stage can cause tripping.
The pathogen is caused by Pythiumaphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitzp, which is a fungus of the genus Trichomonas. The morphological characteristics are the same as those in tomato mites. It has also been reported that PythiummyriotylumDrechser (Pythium oxysporum) can also cause the disease.
The occurrence of the same disease is the same as the disease. The disease mainly occurs in the rainy season, and only one fruit is infected or the water is seriously damaged.
The prevention and treatment methods generally do not require separate prevention and treatment, and can be combined with the prevention and treatment of tomato diseases.
Helicoverpa armigera
Helicoverpa armigera is a large pest of tomato. It occurs many times a year, and all seasons are harmful. The larvae eat the flowers and fruits of tomato plants, and eat the tender stems, leaves and buds. After the flower buds are damaged, the leaves are opened and turn yellow-green. After 2-3 days, the young fruits are often emptied and shed due to emptying. The control method of cotton bollworm, the cotton bollworm eggs are produced on the tender buds, combined with the pruning, timely snoring and topping can effectively reduce the amount of eggs, and at the same time pay attention to timely removal of the eggs and reduce the number of insects. Chemical control In the incubation period of larvae, 30% of the emulsified emulsifiable concentrate and 15% of the averaging emulsifiable concentrate of 1000-1500 times can be sprayed on the sunny day after 4 pm or on a cloudy day, and sprayed again every 5 days.
Whitefly
The insect sucks juice on the plant, causing the leaves to curl and turn yellow, affecting growth. The most important hazard is to spread the virus disease. In addition to the above-mentioned treatment, the 2.5% medium-protected emulsifiable concentrate can be used 1000-1500 times, or 4% sword emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times liquid and other sprays.
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