Low-temperature operations also have to wear a safety mask

Low-temperature and cold-water operations should be automated and mechanized wherever possible to minimize direct human exposure. This helps reduce the risk of cold-related injuries and health issues. It is essential to control the duration of such operations, especially in winter. Outdoor work areas should have windproof shelters and heating facilities to protect workers from extreme cold. Cold-resistant clothing made from materials with low thermal conductivity, good moisture absorption, and breathability should be used. Workers must wear proper cold-weather gear, including coats, boots, hats, and gloves. Clothing should not be too tight, as this can restrict blood circulation. A changing room and restroom should be located near cold working areas to ensure workers have access to rest and hygiene facilities.

It is ideal to provide workers with adequate rest periods after their shifts, and offering a hot shower can help them recover from the cold. Regular health check-ups are crucial for monitoring workers' well-being. Employees over 50 or those with conditions like hypertension, heart disease, or gastrointestinal issues should be reassigned from low-temperature jobs to prevent further health complications.

Special attention must be given to female workers, particularly during the four critical periods (pregnancy, menstruation, lactation, and menopause). It is strictly prohibited to assign them to refrigeration tasks during these times. For general indoor cryogenic operations, manual adjustments to the environment, such as using heaters or insulation, can help maintain a comfortable temperature. Personal protective equipment is also necessary for outdoor work, such as insulated clothing and accessories.

Diet plays a vital role in maintaining body heat in cold environments. Workers should avoid consuming excessive cold food to prevent digestive discomfort. A diet rich in high-calorie, protein-based foods—such as lean meats, eggs, fish, soy products, and vegetables high in vitamin C—is recommended to boost metabolism and improve cold resistance.

Workers in low-temperature settings should gradually build up their tolerance to cold through regular training. Methods like washing hands and feet with cold water, or exposing themselves to cold air, can help. However, these exercises should be tailored to individual health conditions, age, and seasonal changes, and should be introduced gradually to avoid adverse effects.

In addition to cold exposure, some low-temperature environments may contain harmful gases or toxic substances. Therefore, workers should always wear appropriate protective gear, such as gas masks or respiratory protection, to safeguard their health.

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