Rapid identification of common feed additives
1. Vitamin A
Vitamin A appears as light brown or grayish-yellow particles. To test, take 0.1 g of the sample and wet it with absolute ethanol to dissolve. Then add 0.5 ml of chloroform solution. The resulting solution turns blue and fades quickly, indicating purity.
2. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a white or light yellow powder. Take 15 mg of the sample and dissolve it in 10 ml of absolute ethanol. Add 2 ml of nitric acid, shake, and heat for 15 minutes. The solution turns orange-red and remains clear, confirming its quality.
3. Sodium Selenite
Sodium selenite is a white powder. Take 0.5 g of the sample, add 30 drops of ethanol, shake, and filter. Add 5 drops of nitric acid to the filtrate and heat until it turns red, showing that it is pure.
4. Vitamin K3
Vitamin K3 appears as white or grayish-yellow crystalline powder. Dissolve 0.1 g of the sample in 10 ml of water, then add 3 ml of sodium carbonate solution. A fresh yellow precipitate forms, confirming its purity.
5. Vitamin B1
Vitamin B1 is a white crystalline or crystalline powder with a slight odor and a slightly bitter taste. Dissolve 0.1 g of the sample in water, filter, and add 3 drops of iodine reagent. A brownish-red precipitate forms, which confirms its purity.
6. Vitamin B2
Vitamin B2 is a yellow or orange-yellow crystalline powder with a bitter smell. Dissolve 0.5 g of the sample in a small amount of water, extract the supernatant, and add two drops of dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution. If the yellow fluorescence disappears, it is pure.
7. Ferrous Sulfate
Dissolve 0.1 g of the sample in 10 ml of water, then add 2–3 drops of 10% potassium chloride solution. A dark blue precipitate forms. Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid; if the precipitate does not dissolve, the sample is pure.
8. Magnesium Sulfate
Dissolve 1 gram of the sample in 10 ml of water, then add a few drops of 5% sodium hydrogen phosphate solution. A white precipitate forms. After adding ammonia water, if the precipitate remains insoluble, the sample is pure.
These tests are commonly used in the feed industry to ensure the quality and authenticity of various vitamins and minerals. Accurate identification is crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of livestock. By following these simple procedures, professionals can easily verify the purity of each substance, ensuring they meet the necessary standards for use in animal feed.
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