Scientists study how to convert water into energy

The stone in the picture is a manganese dioxide mineral named lanthanum manganite.

On July 3, Beijing time, Science Daily reported that water dissociation is one of the most important reactions to the maintenance of life on Earth. It may be the key to future fuel production. Water dissociation is the key to the photosynthesis process. Plants use water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis, where sunlight acts as energy. However, there are still some major puzzles about this process.

Nature's own water dissociation catalyst - it is based on manganese rather than the more common elements such as iron, copper or nickel - is incredibly efficient, and scientists have been working hard to study the reasons behind and how we can imitate natural systems.

One of the basic puzzles is why nature always uses manganese, especially considering that in a neutral pH environment—the pH of water in nature is neutral—manganese is generally very inactive. This fact is very unexpected. . Scientists have made many manganese-based artificial catalysts, but they are still unable to keep them active in a neutral pH environment.

In a recent study published in the journal Nature Communications, a research team led by Nakamura Ryuhei’s Institute of Sustainable Resources, Institute of Physical Chemistry found a mineral-based catalyst that can Neutral pH environment effectively dissociates water into oxygen ions and hydrogen ions (protons). According to Nakamura, the key to this research is based on the new insights provided by the spectral discovery that the catalyst for water dissociation can become very efficient only when the transfer of protons and electrons is reasonably synchronized. Normally, artificial catalysts cannot achieve this. With this fact in mind, the research team proposed a new strategy to correct the catalytic activity of manganese oxides in a neutral pH environment by correcting the non-synchronization of electrons and protons in time.

Learning from nature is an important theme of this study. According to Nakamura, “The alpha-manganese oxides used in this study are the main components in the naturally occurring manganese ore. We were very surprised to find that once the electrons and the ion transfer time were synchronized, even the mineral-like manganese Oxides can also effectively dissociate water in a neutral pH environment. This finding has motivated us to think about how nature naturally turns inactive manganese ore into an active catalyst for water dissociation."

Renewable energy sources such as the sun, wind, hydroelectric power, and geothermal energy have risen with time, so storing energy is a vital task in creating a sustainable society. Water dissociation can be used to convert energy into hydrogen. The latter can be combined with oxygen in the atmosphere to form clean fuels, or combined with oceans or carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to produce raw materials for hydrocarbon fuels and materials. Nakamura hopes to use this new knowledge to create an electrochemical water dissociation device that can operate in a neutral environment and explore water as a resource to generate new fuel.

For Nakamura, this research has potential for the future. "Plants can even use natural water as a resource to make energy. They don't need acidic or alkaline solutions. In other words, they naturally use safe, clean and ubiquitous forms of water to create truly sustainable ecosystems. I hope we The discovery can contribute to the use of neutral pH water as a source to generate renewable energy, which is one of the foundations for building a sustainable human society."

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