Combined application of base fertilizer and top dressing in cotton field

High yield and high quality of cotton require high fertility in cotton fields, and can continue to supply various nutrients needed for cotton plant growth during cotton growth. Therefore, according to the soil fertility status, it is necessary to master the appropriate period, quantity and method of fertilization. At the same time, according to the different ecological conditions of different cotton areas, different farming systems, different yield requirements, the basic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer should be properly combined and applied, pay attention to fertilization technology. To improve the economic benefits of fertilization.


The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which is generally delayed fertilizer such as soil, fertilizer, compost, green manure, river mud and grass pond mud. Their nutrient content is different from that of cotton plants in the same year. The absorption and utilization rate in the current year generally accounts for about 30% of the total nutrient of the base fertilizer. Therefore, the application amount of the base fertilizer used in cotton fields must be more. There are many kinds of farmyard manure used as the base fertilizer in cotton field, and the fertilizer efficiency is different. The cotton field in the Yellow River Basin is mostly used for composting or soil-mixing fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Because the fertilizer efficiency of the base fertilizer is low, the application amount per hectare is generally more than 30,000 kg; the cotton area in the Yangtze River Basin is generally Cotton fields use more than 22,500 kilograms per hectare, or rivers (tangs) and muds of 30,000 to 40000 kilograms. In the cotton field of the Yellow River Basin, the fertilizer is applied to the ground before the winter tillage, or concentrated in the ditch, and then ploughed into the soil to facilitate decomposition of the fertilizer. If it is not enough due to insufficient fertilizer, it should be applied as early as possible in the Spring. In the two-cooked cotton field, in addition to the base fertilizer before the planting of the former crops and the arable land, the base fertilizer can be applied in the reserved cotton line. It is better to apply the base fertilizer before the wheat jointing, because the wheat seedlings are still small, and the plow can be deeply ditched between rows, so as to ensure the quality of fertilization without damaging the wheat seedlings. McGonagall.


Some cotton fields are deficient in phosphorus and potassium, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be added as base fertilizer, which is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of deep roots. Local experience, general soil fertility cotton field, nitrogen fertilizer as base fertilizer, the amount can account for 50% ~ 60% of the total. In the past, the lack of organic fertilizer sources in the northern dryland cotton area has greatly promoted the use of ammonium bicarbonate as a base fertilizer in recent years, greatly improving the utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate and increasing the yield. Using cake fertilizer as the base fertilizer for cotton fields, especially in areas where organic fertilizer sources are scarce, it is strongly recommended to use cake fertilizer as a base fertilizer, generally 750 kg per hectare. For the application of phosphate fertilizer, the application of superphosphate is generally 300 kg to 350 kg per hectare; for the application of potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride is applied, generally 150 kg to 225 kg per hectare. The advantage of chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer is that the cotton base fertilizer is developed from a single organic fertilizer to a combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and a combination of slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, which can not only supplement the soil fertility during seedling stage, but also continuously supply cotton for fertility. need. The base fertilizer can also play a role in replacing the seed fertilizer, and is safer and more effective than the application of the seed fertilizer.


After the application of cotton base fertilizer and top dressing, in order to meet the demand for nutrients in cotton growth period, it is necessary to carry out staged topdressing. Generally, it is mainly applied to topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40%~50% of the total application amount. In the different growth periods, the principle of “light, stable, heavy, and supplement” should be mastered in the application amount, that is, the cotton seedling stage and the bud stage should be “light and stable”, and the flowering and bolling period should be “heavy and supplementary”. . Medium or medium-grade fertility cotton fields, the general number of top dressings is 2 to 3 times, mainly used in the bud period, flowering and boll period. It is necessary to change the past practice of high-yield cotton field topdressing to reduce the number of topdressing by blindly eating less meals. In order to avoid wasting fertilizer and increasing investment, it is easy to cause cotton to grow.


Source: Cotton Information Network
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