How to improve the fertilizer utilization rate of greenhouse vegetables
1. Common misunderstandings in current fertilizer application
1. Organic fertilizer drying Manure and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizer for vegetable production in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers often leave manure and chicken manure in the field to dry and lose water. This practice causes the maggots to multiply, the nitrogen volatilizes, and the nitrogen nutrients of the fertilizer are lost.
2. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are used as basic fertilizers on alkaline soil. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water. Under weak acid conditions, they can be gradually converted into water-soluble phosphates, which are absorbed by crop roots and applied on alkaline soils. There is no urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings, resulting in physiological phosphorus deficiency.
3, superphosphate on the surface of the field for topdressing Phosphorus in the soil mobility is small, moving range between 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is difficult to transfer the crop to the rhizosphere of the crop, so it does not play a role in supplementing the phosphorus in the crop.
4. Immediately after urea application, watering urea is acyl ammonia fertilizer, soluble in water. After being applied to the soil, it must be decomposed to be converted into ammonium bicarbonate. It is absorbed and utilized by the crop. Immediately after the application, the water is easily mixed with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency.
5, ammonium bicarbonate with water this method often results in more fertilizer in the water inlet, crop growth is different, difficult to manage, and the shed temperature rises in the afternoon, ammonia gas escapes from the soil, smouldering the lower leaves of the crop, causing fertilizer harm.
Second, the main method to improve fertilizer efficiency
1. Organic fertilizer piled up and cooked as base fertilizer In the late July, at the Xiangyang site, 4000 kg of human waste, plus 100 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, 400 kg of crushed wheat straw (ç³ ), mixed into a braided shape, covered with a worn plastic film Or use grass puree to stack for 30 days, and then use high-quality organic fertilizer for the base fertilizer.
2. The concentrated application of superphosphate is applied as the base fertilizer in the 8 cm deep ditch of the transplanting plant. After the phosphorus fertilizer is removed, the soil is covered with 4-5 cm, then the crops are transplanted in the shallow ditch, and the distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the crop root is shortened to compensate for the phosphorus movement. Little weakness.
3. Early application, deep application and root application of urea According to the demand for fertilizer and water in the development stage of crops, early application and deep application will increase the utilization rate by 28% compared with shallow application. The temperature of the shed is 7 days ahead of 15-20 °C, the shed temperature is 5 days ahead of 20-25 °C, and the 8-10 cm ditch is opened during the application. After the application, the soil is tightly covered, and the crops with large spacing can be used. Deep application. According to the shed temperature, watering for 5-7 days, so that it has enough time in the soil to fully ammoniaize, so as to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. During the growth period of the crop, the leaf surface can be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution, once every 7 days, 100 kg per acre, for 2-3 times.
4, ammonium bicarbonate deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is the ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter warm greenhouse vegetable production and topdressing, because it is rarely volatilized at 20 °C, it can be dissociated into ammonium ions and adsorbed by soil after being applied to the soil, and then slowly released for supply. The roots of crops can be absorbed and decomposed and absorbed by crops even under the soil temperature of 5 °C. When topdressing is 8-10 cm deep from the roots of crops, 10 cm deep trenches, after soiling, the soil cover is strict, which can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, 10% higher than shallow application, and 7.8% increase with water application.
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