Permanent magnet traction machine
1. High efficiency and energy-saving performance, with excellent dynamic characteristics in the drive system: The permanent magnet synchronous traction motor uses a multi-pole low-speed direct drive, eliminating the need for large worm gearboxes that typically have a mechanical transmission efficiency of around 70%. Compared to induction motors, it doesn’t draw reactive current from the grid, resulting in a high power factor. Since there is no excitation winding, there’s no excitation loss, leading to less heat generation—no fan required, no wind noise, and no friction, which ensures high efficiency. With field-oriented vector control, it delivers DC motor-like torque control, with significantly lower starting and braking currents than induction motors, reducing the required motor power and inverter capacity.
2. Stable operation and low noise: Operating at low speed with direct drive reduces bearing noise, and the absence of fans and worm gears minimizes overall noise levels. This can lead to a reduction of 5 to 10 decibels, significantly lowering environmental noise pollution and improving the comfort of the surrounding area.
3. Space-saving design: Without a large gearbox or excitation winding, and using high-performance NdFeB permanent magnet materials, the motor is compact and lightweight. This allows for smaller machine rooms or even eliminates the need for one, offering greater flexibility in building layouts.
4. Long service life and high reliability: The motor does not require brushes or slip rings, resulting in a longer lifespan. Additionally, the absence of gearboxes means fewer oil and gas emissions, making it more environmentally friendly and safer in operation.
5. Low operating and maintenance costs: With no brushes or gearboxes, the system is easier to maintain, reducing long-term expenses and downtime.
Compared to geared traction machines, permanent magnet synchronous traction motors offer clear advantages in energy efficiency and environmental protection. This has been widely recognized in Europe and Japan, and is now gaining attention in China. Beyond the obvious benefits listed above, at the safety level, the simplified structure provides rigid straight-axis braking, ensuring full-time up-and-down overspeed protection. The back electromotive force of the permanent magnet motor also enables self-locking functionality, adding multiple layers of safety for both the elevator system and passengers.
At the application level, the compact and thin design of the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor improves elevator layout and building space utilization, allowing architects to create more flexible and efficient designs. This ultimately enhances the quality and usability of the built environment for people.
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