Case analysis of five-axis linkage combined machining machine
Zhongjie Machine Tool Co., Ltd. Zhao Guotao
A machine that has several processes and different processing properties for machining complex shapes of workpieces is called a compound machining machine. In order to achieve the same purpose, there is also a method of multi-axising the control coordinates, expanding the processing function, and multi-functioning. In short, the process integration method is used to improve production efficiency and increase the added value of the machine tool. Therefore, the former machine tool for realizing different types of machining in one machine tool and the multi-coordinate control machine tool of the latter are collectively referred to as a composite machining machine.
Nowadays, multi-tasking machine tools have become the development direction of the world's machine tools. At present, more and more complex parts in the world are processed by composite machine tools. Because the multi-tasking machine highlights the workpiece to complete most or all of the machining process in one setup, it can reduce the machine tool and fixture, avoid the handling and storage between the processes, improve the machining accuracy of the workpiece, shorten the processing cycle and waste the working area. purpose.
The following are some of the following complex machining machines developed by our company:
1. Milling laser cutting five-axis linkage combined machining machine
Our company intends to develop a milling laser cutting five-axis linkage combined machining machine. The machine adopts a bridge gantry frame structure, adopts reconfigurable modular design, and the host system is divided into a linear motion frame structure with large span, high rigidity and high dynamic characteristics. Functional modules such as multi-degree-of-freedom rotary motion mechanism and exchangeable spindle head, each module has standardized interfaces such as mechanical and electrical, forming a functional unit that can be assembled, and implementing different processes such as milling and laser cutting by configuring different machining tools or processing devices. Processing and manufacturing of composite processing. This composite processing equipment is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Milling laser cutting five-axis linkage combined machining machine
The characteristics of this composite processing equipment are as follows:
(1)Composite Machining Function In addition to the traditional final milling finishing, and the roughing of the oscillating head to achieve the roughing process of the primary milling, the composite processing equipment also has a laser-cut AC oscillating head to realize the laser cutting process. This is a striking reform that enables flexible manufacturing that can be both milled and laser cut on a single machine. This composite processing facility features a standard machining center platform and a unique laser cutting option package. Among them, milling roughing, milling finishing and laser cutting are respectively composed of three A-axis oscillating heads, which share a C-axis and switch functions by automatically exchanging the A-axis oscillating head.
(2) Five-axis linkage function There are many characteristics of the five-coordinate linkage machining machine. For example, the A-axis can avoid the condition that the cutting speed is zero; the B-axis can shorten the tool length; the C-axis can be processed without reloading. A workpiece with a prominent shape.
This device adopts AC axis swing head control and works with linear axes X, Y and Z to realize five-axis linkage. Laser cutting can be achieved by replacing the spindle with a laser head.
(3) The intelligent function will machine the tool, such as tool setting, workpiece detection, adaptive control and laser module, and can perform tool setting, workpiece detection and adaptive control. It is a unit processing using intelligent function technology. machine tool.
2. Flexible combined compound processing production line for automatic assembly of the whole machine
Developed a finishing machine for automatic assembly for an aviation company, which can realize the finishing and assembly line of the aviation machine. It is a special machine tool for an aviation company. The product consists of a horizontal machining center and a base for processing aerospace parts and fixtures, a horizontal machining center for machining aerospace parts, a vertical machining center and a cross-moving platform. The machine tool is placed symmetrically on both sides of the object according to the characteristics of the processing object. Programming and operation. The product adopts new technologies such as high-speed spindle, five-coordinate head, single-machine multi-axis linkage, flexible processing of the whole machine and network control, which improves the automation degree of the assembly of the whole aircraft and the precision and enhancement of the whole machine after the assembly of the aircraft. Reliability and intelligence in the aerospace manufacturing process. This product has been certified as the first (set) CNC machine tool in China by the China Machine Tool Industry Association. Figure 2 is the assembly site of the flexible combined processing line that is automatically assembled by this machine.
Figure 2 Assembly site of flexible combined processing production line for automatic assembly of the whole machine
The characteristics of this composite processing equipment are as follows:
(1) Functional compounding This multi-tasking machine can provide a variety of functions such as milling, drilling, tapping, riveting and automatic assembly, and can perform a variety of functions of milling, drilling, tapping and riveting of an aerospace part. The number of tooling is effectively reduced, the deformation of the parts is avoided, and the assembly precision is improved.
(2) Flexible tooling Due to the thin and easy deformation of aerospace parts, flexible tooling can effectively reduce the deformation error and improve the accuracy of parts and assembly.
(3) The “Working Supervisor†intelligent robot machine tool line is equipped with 3 ABB industrial intelligent robots, which can realize the loading and unloading of aviation parts. The control of the intelligent robot is realized by the integration of the numerical control system.
Intelligent robots add new features. They add force sensing and visualization capabilities to handle workpieces of different sizes; they are not limited to picking up a workpiece in a specific way, but can handle different sizes or carry a set of workpieces while grabbing the workpiece The force sensor can adjust the gripping force according to different conditions, instead of using the set force; the robot can also accurately position the workpiece, so they can cancel or reduce the labor required. The key to all this is the connection between the robot program and the machine or machine unit.
3. Turning as the main composite machining center
The multi-tasking machine with turning machining as the main body is the turning center. The turning center starts from the machining process, and the lathe tool and the rotary tool that can be milled are arranged on the tool holder, and the cylindrical workpiece and the rod-shaped workpiece can be grooved and machined. Recently, the double-spindle head mode has appeared, and the other end can be processed without the workpiece being removed by the alternating method.
At least 70% of the current turning parts require two or more processes to be processed as high-efficiency and high-quality parts. At the same time of turning, the processing technology at the same position has the following three characteristics:
(1) Internal and external processing The integrated (surface) and second (inside) machining functions are input to the primary/secondary machining machine in the machine tool.
(2) Machining combined turning machining, milling, grinding and other functions are all integrated in the machine tool.
(3) Intelligent storage, handling, and machining are stored in the machine tool, and can be used for workpiece identification, control of workpiece control, adaptive control, and information networking. It is a unit processing machine that uses the latest monitoring technology.
4. Conclusion
The three types of composite processing equipment facing users, the huge reforms are as follows:
(1) Increasing production efficiency Through the one-time tool clamping, it is necessary to process several different machine tools in the past, so that the entire working hours and processing time of the processing are reduced.
(2) The reduction procedure eliminates the need to convert from one process to another by completing the machining with one device, and omitting the clamping and dismounting of the workpiece.
(3) Maintaining high precision Since it is not necessary to re-clamp the workpiece, it is not necessary to care about the positioning problem, so that the accuracy is easily maintained.
(4) Saving energy, reducing costs Compared with the need to purchase several different equipment for processing, a composite machine is very suitable. Energy is also saved compared to starting several devices, and operating costs are reduced by reducing the use of electricity.
(5) Space saving no longer requires several processing equipments with special machine functions, which can greatly save on-site space.
(6) The cost savings will change from a few units to one or one set, achieving a more acceptable level in terms of price.
The successful development of such composite processing equipment has effectively solved the disadvantages of relying on multiple machine tools for sorting, frequent loading and unloading, and frequent transportation, and realized flexible assembly processing of one-piece clamping, process integration and precision retention. It has improved China's equipment capabilities in high-end composite processing equipment and broke the monopoly of foreign equipment to China.
Source: Metal Processing (Cold Processing), No. 16, 2012
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