Ci Song: Large-scale distributed energy storage system based on battery network

On June 3, 2015, the “Energy Storage International Summit 2015” co-sponsored by the National Energy Administration and the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance (CNESA) and Düsseldorf Exhibition (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. was held in Beijing. In the Energy Storage Technology Sub-forum, Prof. Ci Song from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA, gave a speech entitled "Large-scale Distributed Energy Storage System Based on Battery Network". The following is the speech.

Professor Ci Song, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA:

The reason why we develop energy storage is because the power generation curve and the power consumption curve do not match. The function of energy storage is to straighten the two curves into a straight line.

Energy storage technologies are emerging one after another, but no technology can be used in a variety of scenarios, as long as the actual problems can be solved.

According to the definition of the US Department of Energy, the biggest advantage of lithium battery energy storage technology is that the dynamic technology is very fast, can respond in 100 microseconds, and is very efficient. It is a battery energy storage technology that can be deployed and deployed. As of the end of 2013, the United States probably deployed 15 megawatts of lithium battery energy storage projects.

Today we focus on the application of batteries. The battery itself is a device that can be cycled thousands of times and used for more than ten years. It is similar to bottled water in the market, the barrel is a one-time payment, and the water is used for how much, and the battery is also the same.

Any large-capacity battery is piled up with a small capacity. Whether it is a lithium battery, a lead battery, or a nickel-hydrogen battery, it must be made into a battery pack. When we turn on the laptop battery, we will find that it is also composed of multiple batteries. . At present, there are more than 100 companies in China that have BMS battery management systems. We think there are still some problems in the battery management system. For example, in some designs, the second battery will be discharged when the first battery is not discharged, or only three of the six batteries are good. Can use. However, such a design reduces the system efficiency and reliability of the battery pack, and has problems in terms of safe recycling, environmental protection, and the like. Because any two batteries are not exactly the same, the battery has been in existence for more than 150 years, but the structure of the battery under rigid tissue management has never changed.

The difference in lithium batteries is relatively large. We have done research since 2006 and found that the vertical simple integration method can not solve the nonlinear difference of lithium batteries. In addition, in terms of energy density, the rate of increase of lithium batteries is also relatively slow, and it takes about 12 years to increase the energy density by a factor of two. Under an effective system architecture, it is more important to do a single cell than to make an application system. Otherwise, a lithium battery is not as good as a lead battery.

The battery is a device for chemical energy and electrical energy conversion. The chemical reaction here is non-linear and will show up from the system parameters. When using the battery, the batteries placed in the electric car will exhibit different control modes. In a battery pack with 6 batteries, if 2 of them are broken, can we refactor it and only replace some of the batteries in the battery pack to solve the control problem? Can we let the new battery and the old battery? Put it together and use it? Can you let the lithium battery and the lead battery be put together? This is the energy Internet concept nowadays, that is, to build an equal access method, the ability to force a little more, the weaker force is less. One of our solutions in this respect is the computer distributed architecture. In the system, the whole structure can be reconstructed in milliseconds, and the battery cells can be turned off once in the nanosecond level, which is how the energy and information are merged. .

There are more than 7,000 18650 batteries in the Tesla car, and these batteries are welded together. We have surpassed Tesla in the level of single control, and our research is equivalent to adding a neural network to the battery, which can control each battery.

In 2010, we made a large-scale distributed battery energy storage project. In my opinion, building a large-scale energy storage system is not difficult in itself. The difficulty lies in the formation of control and continuous integration between communication, computing and control, and physical system energy, which is the core issue of Industry 4.0. Our system is a computer that controls energy, made a CPU and a motherboard, put the battery on it, and by doing so, we combine energy information and Internet management.

In the used car sales market, a used car can be sold because there is a lot of usage information to support it later. We do grid storage, we also need a data center to do energy management of the battery.
Our vision for the development of energy Internet is that if the number of users is more, the efficiency and reliability of the system will be higher. In the end, we will become a battery energy operator, support the energy balance of the grid, and break away from the relationship with operators to form a C2C model. Our goal is to make the life of the battery pack the same as the single battery, and it can be interchanged.
We have done research on energy Internet, data center UPS energy storage, mobile power supply, communication base station efficiency, etc., and hope to control the charge and discharge of each battery through the Internet.
In the energy Internet electric vehicle project, we also completely overturned the concept of "electric vehicle to be equipped with charging pile", because the car is free, the charging pile is fixed, we can not let the electric car tied to a limited charging pile network. . We have to do electric vehicles with replaceable batteries, but there is also energy information behind them. For this project we have summarized 12 words: car separation, battery distribution, energy operation. This is what I want to talk about, thank you all!

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