Do you know what materials are commonly used for standard parts?

The fastener is actually a kind of connecting member (connecting member), but because of the wide variety of applications, it is only one type in actual use, and even simply referred to as a standard part. The standard parts on the market are mainly divided into carbon steel, stainless steel, brass and aluminum alloy.

1, carbon steel

According to the carbon content of carbon steel materials, it is divided into four types: low carbon steel, medium carbon steel, high carbon steel and alloy steel.

(1) The carbon content in low carbon steel is C% ≤ 0.25%, which is commonly referred to as A3 steel in China.

(2) The carbon content in medium carbon steel is 0.25 ≤ C% ≤ 0.60%, which is commonly referred to as No. 35 steel and No. 45 steel in China.

(3) The carbon content in high carbon steel is C%>0.60%, which is currently not used in the market.

(4) Alloy steel: The so-called alloy steel is to add alloying elements such as 35, 40 chrome molybdenum, SCM435/10B38, etc. to ordinary carbon steel, in order to achieve the purpose of adding some special properties to the steel.

Bolts, screws, studs: 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8 are generally carbon steel, no heat treatment; 8.8, 9.8 are generally selected low carbon alloy steel or medium carbon steel, quenching And tempering; 10.9 grade generally use low, medium carbon alloy steel or alloy steel, quenching and tempering; 12.9 grade is generally selected alloy steel, quenched and tempered.

Nuts: 4 grades, 5 grades, 6 grades are generally made of carbon steel, can also be made of easy-cut steel, no heat treatment; 8 grades, 9 grades, generally used medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered; 10 grades, 12 grades for improvement Mechanical properties, if necessary, can add alloying elements, quenching and tempering.

Set screws: 14H generally use carbon steel, no heat treatment; 22H, 33H generally use carbon steel, quenching and tempering; 45H is generally selected alloy steel, quenched and tempered.

Self-tapping screws/drilling nails: Medium carbon steel such as SWRCH22A is generally used, and the surface needs to be carburized.

Flat washer HV140 is generally made of low carbon steel; HV300 is generally made of medium carbon steel and requires heat treatment.

Elastic washer: Spring steel 70/65Mn/60Si2Mn is generally selected, quenched and tempered.

Toothed, serrated lock washer, saddle, wave-shaped elastic washer: 65Mn is generally used

Pin: generally available carbon steel 35#, quenched and tempered HRC28-38, 45#, quenched and tempered HRC38-46; alloy steel 30CrMnSiA, quenched and tempered HRC35-41; special steel 1Cr13/2Cr13, Cr17. I2, 1Cr18.I9Ti.

2, stainless steel

(1) Martensitic stainless steel: Typical martensitic stainless steel has good processing performance of 1Cr13 steel such as 1Cr13~4Cr13 and 9Cr18. 1Crl3, 2Cr13 are mainly used to make corrosion-resistant structural parts such as steam turbine blades, while 3Cr13 and 4Cr13 are mainly used to make medical surgical scalpels and wear-resistant parts; 9Crl8 can be used as corrosion-resistant bearings and tools.

(2) Ferritic stainless steel:

The content of Cr in ferritic stainless steel is generally 13% to 30% and the carbon content is less than 0.25%. Sometimes other alloying elements are added. The metallographic structure is mainly ferrite, and there is no α<=>γ transformation during heating and cooling, and it cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. Ferritic stainless steel is mainly used to make components that require high corrosion resistance and low strength requirements. It is widely used in the manufacture of equipment for the production of nitric acid, nitrogen fertilizer, and chemicals.

(3) Austenitic stainless steel:

The basic composition of austenitic stainless steel is Crl8%, and Ni8% is referred to as 18-8 steel. It is characterized in that the carbon content is less than 0.1%, and a single-phase austenite structure is obtained by using Cr and Ni. Austenitic stainless steel is generally used in the manufacture of chemical equipment components such as nitric acid and sulfuric acid, cryogenic equipment components in the refrigeration industry, and can be used as stainless steel springs and clockwork springs after deformation strengthening.

(4) Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel

On the basis of Austenitic stainless steel, the Cr content is reduced and the Ni content is reduced, and combined with the post-melting treatment, a two-phase structure (containing 40-60% δ-ferrite) with austenite and ferrite can be obtained. Stainless steel, typical steel grades are 0Cr21Ni5Ti, 1Cr21Ni5Ti, OCr21Ni6Mo2Ti and the like. Duplex stainless steel has good weldability, no heat treatment after welding, and its tendency to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion is also small.

3, copper

Common materials are brass, zinc-copper alloy. The market mainly uses H62, H65 and H68 copper as standard parts.

4, aluminum alloy

The aluminum alloy has low density, but high strength, close to or exceeds high-quality steel, good plasticity, can be processed into various profiles, has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. It is widely used in industry and is used second only to steel. .

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