Nutritional needs and feed preparation techniques for lactating sows
The breeding of lactating sows is the most complicated and important part of the production of pig farms, because the performance of lactating sows directly affects the growth and survival rate of piglets, which is the key to good results. However, in production, lactating sows are often over-fat or too thin, lack of milk or milk-free, prolonged breeding interval, low maternal fertility rate, high elimination rate, and fatty diarrhea in piglets, slow weight gain, etc., resulting in a large economy. loss. Based on years of practical experience in production, the author now introduces the nutritional needs and feed preparation techniques of lactating sows to everyone.
1 Nutritional needs of lactating sows
Provide sufficient nutrients to lactating sows for maximum lactation, optimal piglet weight gain and good reproductive performance in sows.
1 energy needs. The energy needs of lactating sows include life support needs, lactation needs and growth needs. When the energy intake of lactating sows does not meet these three energy needs, the sows use their own reserves for lactation. When the weight loss of the sow is too large, it will affect the next estrus. The digestive energy level of lactating sows should reach 13-13.8 joules/kg. An effective measure to increase the energy level of the diet is to add fat, especially during the hot summer season, which not only increases the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage of the lactating sow, but also increases the survival rate of the piglets. The suitable addition amount of fat is 2%-3%, and if the addition amount is more than 5%, not only the reproductive performance of the sow will be lowered, but also the feed is easily deteriorated, and the cost of the feed is increased. Attention should be paid to the composition of fatty acids when selecting fats. It is recommended to use less saturated fatty acids and animal fats with excessive levels of long-chain fatty acids.
2 protein needs. The demand for protein in lactating sows is high, and the crude protein content of the diet should be 16.5%-18%, and protein materials such as high quality soybean meal, expanded soybean or imported fish meal are used. Among all amino acids, lysine is the first limiting amino acid in lactating sows. Tests have shown that when the lysine level is increased from 0.75% to 0.9%, as the lysine intake increases, the weight gain per litter is increased and the sow weight loss is reduced. However, high levels of lysine can lead to deficiencies. A new study conducted jointly by the United States and Canada shows that when lactating sows have a lysine content of more than 0.8%, proline will become the first limit. Amino acids. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the content of various amino acids. The results showed that when the lysine content of the diet was 0.9% and the proline concentration was increased from 0.6% to 0.9%, the weaning weight of the piglets increased. It should be noted that energy intake and amino acid intake must be combined. It is not only required to consume high levels of energy or high levels of amino acids. For example, in heat stress, amino acid levels should generally be increased, but if not Raising the energy level will not work.
3 vitamins are needed. Adding a certain amount of vitamin C (150-300 mg/kg) to the summer sow diet can reduce heat stress; vitamin E (30-50 mg/kg) can enhance the body's immunity and antioxidant function, and reduce the sow. In the absence of mastitis and metritis, the number of weaning in piglets is reduced, and the diarrhea in piglets is increased. Biotin (0.2 mg/kg) is widely involved in the metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins. Biotin deficiency can cause dermatitis or lobes; vitamins D (150-200 IU / kg) can regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body; other essential vitamins such as B group, folic acid, pantothenic acid, choline, etc. should also be added in moderation, can not be ignored.
4 mineral needs. The low calcium or phosphorus content in lactating sow diets may cause hindlimb spasm in lactating sows. The appropriate calcium and phosphorus content is 0.8%-1%, phosphorus content is 0.7%-0.8%, and effective phosphorus is 0.45%. To increase the absorption and utilization of phytate phosphorus, phytase can be added to the diet. In the choice of raw materials should choose high-quality calcium, phosphorus additives; sows will lose a lot of iron during lactation, often showing a critical iron deficiency anemia, not only affects health, but also reduces the utilization of feed. The recommended dosage is 70 mg of iron per kilogram of diet; manganese deficiency in the diet, skeletal abnormalities in the sow, irregular or unestrus estrus, decreased lactation, and 5-10 mg of manganese per kg of diet. Suitable; zinc can promote the development of hooves, bones and hair, reduce hoof disease, and can improve the reproductive performance of the sow and reduce the incidence of mastitis. It is more suitable to add 60 mg of zinc per kilogram of diet; the requirement of selenium is per The kilogram of diet is 0.15 mg; the iodine requirement is 0.14 mg per kilogram of diet.
2 lactating sow feed preparation
1 Small pig farms can purchase concentrated materials to prepare lactating sow feed. Small pig farms or farmer pigs can purchase premium concentrates for high-quality lactating sows, and add their own or purchased grains and their by-products to form the full price of lactating sows. The protein concentrate provides the protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, etc. required by the sow. Generally, the concentrate containing 38% protein is used, and the ratio of 25% is added to the lactating sow diet, and another 75%. It consists of corn, wheat, barley and other cereals, wheat bran, rice bran and so on. In addition to meeting the feeding standards, the crude fiber content should not be too high, should be less than 7%; the fat content should not exceed 8%; the metabolic energy level should not be less than 13 joules/kg.
2 medium-sized pig farms can purchase premixes to prepare lactating sow feed. Medium-sized pig farms can use 1% or 4% premixes for lactating sows, add corn and other grain feeds and protein feeds such as soybean meal, cotton aphid and peanut meal to form the full price of lactating sows. Protein feed is mainly based on soybean meal, and adding 3%-5% fish meal is beneficial to improve lactation ability of lactating sows. The cotton mites, peanut mites and other miscellaneous cockroaches have poor palatability and low digestibility, so the amount added should not exceed 30% of the protein feed. Note that protein feed cannot be used with rapeseed meal, otherwise it will affect the lactation ability of lactating sows. In the hot season, to prevent the feed intake of lactating sows, add 3%-4% of the oil to the diet.
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