Types and use of common reducers
2019-06-18 06:09:18
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Types and use of common reducers
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2013-02-22
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There are many types of reducers; according to the transmission type, they can be divided into gear reducers, worm reducers and planetary reducers and their combined speed reducers. According to the number of transmission stages, they can be divided into single-stage and multi-stage reducers, according to the gears. The shape can be divided into cylindrical gear reducer, bevel gear reducer and conical-cylindrical gear reducer. According to the way of transmission, it can be divided into expansion type, split type and coaxial type reducer.
The basic layout of the reducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gear or worm), shaft, bearing, box and its accessories. Its basic layout has three major parts: 1) gear, shaft and bearing combination, 2) box, 3) Reducer attachment.
The gear, shaft and bearing combination pinion is integrated with the shaft; it is called the gear shaft; this layout is used when the gear diameter is not related to the diameter of the shaft; if the diameter of the shaft is d; the diameter of the root of the gear is Df; then when df-d ≤ 6 ~ 7mn; should choose this layout. When df-d> 6 ~ 7mn; select the gear and shaft separated into two parts layout; such as low speed shaft and large gear. At the moment The gear is axially fixed to the shaft with a flat key joint; the shaft parts are axially fixed using the shoulder, bushing and bearing cap. Both shafts are equipped with deep groove ball bearings. This combination is used to accept radial loads and not Large axial load condition. When the axial load is large; the angular touch ball bearing, tapered roller bearing or deep groove ball bearing and thrust bearing combination layout should be used. The bearing is the thin oil splashed when the gear is rotated. Smoothing the smooth oil in the oil tank in the box seat; the rotating gear splashes and splashes onto the inner wall of the tank cover; flows along the inner wall to the groove of the binning face; flows into the bearing through the oil guiding groove. When the oil speed of the oil-impregnated gear is υ ≤ 2m / s; smooth grease smooth bearing should be used; to avoid splashing Smooth flush oil grease; optional slinger which separated lubricating oil to avoid the loss of dust into the box and the outside;. With a sealing element between the bearing cap and the shaft extension.
The box body is an important component of the reducer. It is the base of the transmission parts; it should have the strength and rigidity.
The box is usually made of gray cast iron; for heavy-duty or impact-carrying gears, cast steel tanks and single-unit gear reducers can be used; in order to simplify the process and reduce the cost;
Gray cast iron has good casting function and vibration damping function. In order to facilitate the equipment and disassembly of the shaft components, the box body is horizontally split along the axis line. The upper box cover and the lower box body are bolted together. The coupling bolts of the bearing housing should be as close as possible to the bearing housing bore; the bosses next to the bearing housings should have a matching bearing surface; in order to place the coupling bolts; and ensure the required wrench space when tightening the bolts. To ensure that the cabinet is satisfied Stiffness; support ribs are added adjacent to the bearing hole. To ensure the stability of the reducer on the foundation and to reduce the machining area of ​​the plane of the base of the box; the base of the box usually does not use a perfect plane.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the reducer, in addition to the satisfaction of the gear, shaft, bearing combination and the layout of the cabinet, it should also be considered to fill the oil tank of the reducer smooth oil pool, drain the oil, view the oil level, and process And the accurate selection and depiction of the auxiliary parts and components such as the accurate positioning and lifting of the box cover and the box seat during disassembly and repair.
1) View the hole to check the meshing condition of the transmission parts; and write the smooth oil into the box; the viewing hole should be set in the proper orientation of the box. The viewing hole is located at the top of the upper cover to directly investigate the gear meshing position. Normally The cover of the viewing hole is screwed to the cover.
2) When the ventilator reducer is working; the temperature inside the box is increased; the gas is swelled; the pressure is increased; in order to allow the swell air in the box to be freely discharged; to maintain the pressure balance in the box; not to make the smooth oil along the bin surface or Other gaps such as shaft extension seals leak; usually a ventilator is installed at the top of the box.
3) The bearing cap is the axial orientation of the fixed shafting component and accepts the axial load; the bearing cap is closed at both ends with the bearing cap. The bearing cap is flanged and embedded. It is fixed on the box with hexagon bolts; The bearing cover at the extension shaft is a through hole; the sealing device is installed in between; the strength of the flanged bearing cover is convenient for disassembly and assembly and adjustment of the bearing; but compared with the embedded bearing cover; the number of parts is large; the scale is large; the appearance is not flat.
4) Locating pin to ensure the accuracy of each time the cover is removed; still adhere to the precision of the bearing housing hole; should be in front of the finished bearing hole; fit the positioning pin on the connecting flange of the cover and the box seat. The flanges are connected on both sides of the longitudinal direction of the box; the symmetric box should be symmetrically placed; avoid misassembly.
5) Oil level indicator to check the height of the oil level in the oil tank of the reducer; often insist that there is excessive oil in the oil pool; usually in the part where the tank is easy to investigate and the oil surface is stable; install the oil level indicator.
6) When the oil drain plug is changed for oil; discharge the oil and cleaning agent; it should be at the bottom of the box seat; the oil hole is opened at the lowest position of the oil pool; the common screw plug will block the oil drain hole.é› å©•æº†è‡ƒ 婕溆臃 ┯ ┯ ┯ å«’ å«’.
7) The box-opening screw is used for strengthening the sealing function; usually, the water-glass or sealant is applied to the split surface of the box during installation; therefore, it is often difficult to open the cover due to the tight sealing when disassembling. The proper orientation of the edge; 1 or 2 screw holes are machined; screwed into the cylindrical end or flat end of the box for opening the box. Rotate the box screw to lift the upper box cover. The small reducer can also be set. Box screw; use a screwdriver to open the box cover when opening the cover; the size of the box screw can be the same as the flange coupling bolt.
8) Lifting equipment When the speed reducer component exceeds 25kg; in order to facilitate the transfer; set the lifting equipment in the box; if the lifting lug or hook is cast on the box body, the upper box cover is equipped with two eyebolts; the lower box seat Cast four hooks.
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