Calculating the normal feed intake table and the production cost of fattening pigs at each growth stage: Based on the weight of the pig, the daily feed amount is calculated as actual body weight multiplied by a coefficient. The coefficient varies depending on the pig's size—0.05 for small pigs, 0.04 for medium pigs, and 0.03 for large pigs. This coefficient is crucial in determining the feeding plan. For more accurate guidance, refer to the table below that outlines the feed consumption for pigs at different stages:
**Feed Intake Table for Pigs at Different Growth Stages (Weight: kg; Daily Feed: grams; Days: days)**
From the data provided, we can break down the feed consumption as follows:
1. From day 7 to day 50 (weaning to early growth), a total of 5.8 kg of starter feed and 15.28 kg of milk replacer were consumed.
2. From day 50 to day 87 (15–35 kg), small pigs consumed 35.65 kg of grower feed.
3. From day 87 to day 125 (35–65 kg), medium pigs consumed 80.8 kg of finisher feed.
4. From day 125 to day 168 (65–108 kg), large pigs consumed 118.8 kg of finishing feed.
For small to medium-sized pig farms, it's common to estimate 20 sows per year. Each sow consumes about 1,100 kg of feed annually. With an average feed price of 2.56 yuan/kg, the annual feed cost per sow is 2,816 yuan. Adding drug costs (484 yuan) and labor, the total cost comes to 3,300 yuan per sow.
Additionally, the cost of purchasing sows is approximately 1,800 yuan. However, these sows can be sold later, offsetting the initial investment. New gilts, around 4 months old, require 3 months of care before breeding, consuming 240 kg of gilt feed. At 2.49 yuan/kg, this costs 598 yuan, plus 42 yuan for drugs and 200 yuan for labor, totaling 840 yuan. Spreading this over 5 years, the annual cost becomes 168 yuan.
Therefore, the total annual cost per sow is 3,300 + 168 = 3,468 yuan. Dividing this by 20 piglets, the cost per newborn piglet is approximately 173 yuan.
Now, considering the total cost of raising a fattening pig to market weight (108 kg), the breakdown is as follows:
- Starter phase (up to 30 lbs): 173 yuan
- Grower phase: 46.4 yuan
- Finisher phase: 91.68 yuan
Total: 311 yuan per piglet.
The overall production cost for one fattening pig is 80 + 890 = 970 yuan per head.
In terms of profitability, with live pigs selling at 15 yuan/kg, the revenue from a 108 kg pig would be 1,620 yuan. Subtracting the production cost of 970 yuan, the net profit is 650 yuan per pig.
By implementing advanced technologies such as micro-ecological and fermentation methods, improving disease resistance, and enhancing farm management (e.g., activity areas, fermented bedding, cooling and heating systems), mortality and morbidity rates can be reduced. This can lower costs by about 40 yuan per pig and increase the annual litter size to 24 pigs, reducing the cost per head by 30 yuan. Raising pigs to 120 kg instead of 108 kg can boost profits by 90 yuan per pig, leading to a total profit of 810 yuan per head.
Finally, the feed-to-meat ratio is calculated as follows:
- From 15 kg to 108 kg: (35.65 + 80.8 + 118.8) ÷ (108 - 15) = 2.53
- From weaning (28 days) to 108 kg: (15.28 + 35.65 + 80.8 + 118.8) ÷ (108 - 8) = 2.50
- From 8 kg to 15 kg: 1.42
This detailed analysis helps farmers better understand the cost structure and optimize their operations for higher efficiency and profitability.
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