Calculating the normal feed intake table and the production cost of fattening pigs at each stage: According to the weight of the pig, the amount of feed required is calculated as actual body weight multiplied by a coefficient. The coefficient varies depending on the pig's size—0.05 for small pigs, 0.04 for medium pigs, and 0.03 for large pigs. This coefficient plays a crucial role in determining feed requirements. For more accurate guidance, refer to the table below, which outlines the daily feed consumption for pigs at different growth stages (in kg and grams per day).
From the table, we can gather the following key points:
1. During the first 7 to 50 days after weaning, pigs consume approximately 5.8 kg of starter feed and 15.28 kg of milk replacer.
2. From day 50 to day 87 (when they weigh between 15–35 kg), pigs consume about 35.65 kg of weaner feed.
3. Between 87 and 125 days (weight range: 35–65 kg), pigs consume around 80.8 kg of grower feed.
4. From day 125 to day 168 (65–108 kg), pigs eat roughly 118.8 kg of finisher feed.
For small and medium-sized pig farms, it's common to estimate 20 sows per year. Each sow consumes about 1,100 kg of feed annually. The main costs include feed, vaccines, and labor. With an average feed price of 2.56 yuan/kg, the annual feed cost for one sow is 1,100 × 2.56 = 2,816 yuan. Adding vaccine and labor costs of 484 yuan, the total annual cost is about 3,300 yuan.
Additionally, purchasing a sow typically costs around 1,800 yuan. However, older sows can be sold for a similar amount, offsetting some of the initial investment. New gilts, around 4 months old, require 3 months of care before breeding. During this time, they consume 240 kg of gilt feed, costing 240 × 2.49 = 598 yuan, plus 42 yuan for vaccines and 200 yuan for labor, totaling 840 yuan. Spreading this over a 5-year lifespan, the annual cost becomes 168 yuan.
Combining these, the annual cost for one sow is 3,300 + 168 = 3,468 yuan. Dividing this by 20 piglets, the cost per newborn piglet is approximately 173 yuan.
The total cost of raising a fattening pig to market weight includes feed, labor, and other expenses. Based on the data provided, the total cost per pig is 970 yuan. With a live pig price of 15 yuan/kg, selling a 108 kg pig generates 1,620 yuan, resulting in a net profit of 650 yuan per pig.
By implementing advanced technologies such as micro-ecological practices, fermentation techniques, improved disease resistance, and better farm management (including activity areas, fermented bedding, and climate control), farmers can reduce mortality and increase productivity. These improvements can lower costs by about 40 yuan and increase the number of pigs per sow from 20 to 24, reducing the cost per pig by another 30 yuan. Raising pigs to 120 kg instead of 108 kg can further boost profits by 90 yuan per head, leading to a total profit of 810 yuan per pig.
Finally, the feed-to-meat ratio during the fattening phase (from 15 kg to 108 kg) is 2.53. If we consider the entire period from weaning (28 days) to 108 kg, the ratio improves to 2.50. From 8 kg to 15 kg, the ratio is 1.42, indicating efficient feed conversion in the early stages.
This comprehensive breakdown helps farmers make informed decisions and optimize their pig farming operations for better profitability and sustainability.
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