Chinese cabbage watering and fertilizing

Chinese cabbage requires consistent soil moisture during the germination stage. If the soil becomes too dry, the seeds may fail to germinate or, if they do, the seedlings may suffer from "bud dry," leading to early death. Therefore, it's essential to ensure that the soil is adequately moist before sowing. After sowing, regular watering should be done to keep the top layer of soil consistently damp, which helps in better seedling emergence and growth. During the seedling stage, which typically occurs in hot and dry weather, frequent irrigation is necessary to maintain soil moisture, reduce temperature, and prevent diseases. Watering every 3 to 4 days is recommended to keep the soil from cracking, which could damage the root system and lead to soft rot or viral infections. The phrase "Sanshui Qi Miao, Wushui Dingshu" highlights the importance of proper watering at this stage to support healthy seedling development. After 4 to 6 days of seedling growth, a controlled watering schedule is introduced to encourage deep root development and improve drought resistance. This also helps the above-ground leaves grow strong and more resistant to disease. Once the plants are established, heavy watering combined with top dressing is applied, and irrigation is generally done every 6 to 7 days to maintain soil moisture. The rosette stage is a critical period for Chinese cabbage, as it's when the outer leaves rapidly develop and form the base of the plant. This is also a key time for fertilization. After the initial watering, when the soil is sufficiently moist, shallow trenches (8–10 cm deep) are dug between the plants (18–20 cm apart), and high-quality organic fertilizer—either 1200–1500 kg per mu or 500 kg of well-rotted manure—is placed into the trench. If the organic fertilizer is insufficient or of lower quality, 15 kg of quick-acting fertilizer like ammonium carbonate or sulfate can be added. The trench is then covered with soil. Alternatively, 1500–2000 kg of decomposed human waste can be used, or 200–500 kg of root stimulant diluted 200–500 times can be applied during watering. These practices help promote a tighter head, increase the weight of the white core, and reduce the occurrence of diseases. As the plant enters the ball-forming stage, both the above-ground and underground parts experience rapid growth, and the demand for water and nutrients reaches its peak. A second round of fertilization is needed at this point. For each acre, 25–30 kg of ammonium carbonate or sulfate, or 2500 kg of human manure, can be applied. It’s important to distribute the fertilizer evenly across the field. In autumn, heavy rains may occur, so proper drainage should be ensured to avoid waterlogging and root damage.

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