Qingdao Energy Institute proposed the use of filamentous microalgae to produce new ideas
Fig. 1 Morphology of oil from yellow filamentous microalgae
Figure 2 Yellow filamentous microalgae without flocculant addition
Table 1 Fatty Acid Composition in Yellow Seaweed
Producing biodiesel from energy algae requires large-scale, efficient, and cost-effective cultivation to generate significant biomass. Current research on oil-rich microalgae mainly focuses on single-celled species. However, during outdoor cultivation, these small cells (typically 1–10 microns in size) are vulnerable to predation by protozoa, leading to cultivation failure. Additionally, harvesting single-cell algae is both difficult and expensive.
Therefore, developing oil-producing microalgae that can produce high amounts of oil, are easy to harvest, and have strong resistance to contamination is a critical challenge in bioenergy technology.
To address these issues, the Energy Algae Resources Team at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explored an innovative approach by focusing on filamentous microalgae, which had previously received little attention.
Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program and the Solar Energy Action Plan of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, researchers evaluated various strains and identified a highly oily filamentous species called *Tribonema*, with filaments ranging from 0.5 to 3 micrometers (Figure 1).
In controlled lab conditions under low light and without nutrient stress, the total lipid content reached 61.3% of dry cell weight after 12 days, with 80% being neutral lipids (TAG). In a 40 L flat-plate reactor, after 21 days, the dry cell weight was 3.14 g/L, and the total lipid content was 50.23%. Notably, without using any flocculant, the gas flotation recovery rate reached 95.57% (Figure 2). The extracted oil was converted into biodiesel using a two-step acid-base transesterification process, resulting in fatty acids primarily composed of C16:0 and C16:1, meeting national standards for biodiesel.
Moreover, due to their long filamentous structure, the algae were cultivated outdoors for one year without any signs of pest infestation, demonstrating excellent resistance to biological threats. This makes them a promising candidate for sustainable and scalable biodiesel production.
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