Fig. 1: Morphology of oil from yellow filamentous microalgae
Fig. 2: Yellow filamentous algae without flocculant addition
Table 1: Fatty acid biosynthesis in yellow seaweed
The production of biodiesel from energy-rich microalgae hinges on the large-scale, efficient, and cost-effective cultivation of these organisms to generate significant biomass. Currently, most research focuses on unicellular microalgae, but outdoor cultivation faces challenges such as predation by protozoa. These tiny organisms (typically 1–10 microns in diameter) are easily consumed, leading to failed cultivation efforts. Additionally, harvesting single-cell microalgae is both difficult and expensive.
Therefore, a key challenge in developing microalgae-based bioenergy technology is to find oil-producing strains that not only produce high amounts of lipids but also can be easily harvested and are resistant to contamination. To address this, the Energy Algae Resources Team at the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explored a new approach—focusing on filamentous microalgae, which had previously been overlooked.
Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program and the Solar Energy Action Plan, the researchers evaluated various microalgae strains and identified a highly oily species called *Tribonema*, which grows in a filamentous form with lengths ranging from 0.5 to 3 micrometers (see Fig. 1).
Under low-light conditions and without nutrient stress, laboratory bubble column cultures achieved a total lipid content of 61.3% of cell dry weight after 12 days, with 80% of that being neutral lipids (TAG). In a 40 L flat-plate reactor, the dry cell weight reached 3.14 g/L after 21 days, with a total lipid content of 50.23%. Notably, without any flocculant, the gas flotation recovery rate was as high as 95.57% (Fig. 2). The extracted oil was then converted into biodiesel using an acid-base two-step transesterification process, resulting in fatty acids mainly composed of C16:0 and C16:1. The final biodiesel met all national standards.
Moreover, due to its long filamentous structure, the algae thrived in outdoor conditions for over a year without any signs of insect infestation, demonstrating strong resistance to pests. This makes *Tribonema* a promising candidate for future large-scale biodiesel production.
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