New green feed additive: soy isoflavones

**Abstract:** Soy isoflavones are a class of phytoestrogens that exhibit weak estrogen-like activity. They are known for their beneficial effects on heart health, cholesterol reduction, cancer prevention, and the inhibition of osteoporosis. When incorporated into livestock and poultry feed, daidzein has shown significant potential in promoting growth in male animals, reducing feed costs, improving reproductive performance, and enhancing immune function. As a promising new feed additive, soy isoflavones are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future of animal nutrition. **Keywords:** Daidzein; mechanism of action; application **CLC number:** S816.42 | **Document code:** A In recent years, with the rapid expansion of feed production, competition in the market has intensified, leading to various challenges in feed production and usage. The misuse of antibiotics, heavy metal salts, and illegal drugs in feed has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. More importantly, these issues pose direct or indirect threats to human health. The goal of sustainable development in 21st-century animal husbandry is to achieve high yield, high quality, high efficiency, and non-polluting practices. Producing safe and environmentally friendly feed is becoming an inevitable trend. The development of new green feed additives has become a major focus in feed research, and soy isoflavones are among the most promising candidates for the future. Soy isoflavones are secondary metabolites produced during the growth of soybeans. They were first extracted from soybeans in 1931, and in 1962, Setchell and Adlercreutz confirmed their structural similarity to mammalian estrogens, as well as their potential anti-cancer properties. Since the 1980s, extensive research has demonstrated their effectiveness in preventing and treating cancer, managing menopausal symptoms, and combating osteoporosis. By the 1990s, they began to be applied in animal production, showing promising results and gradually gaining recognition from animal nutritionists. **I. Composition and Distribution** Soy isoflavones (ISO) are a mixture of polyphenolic compounds found in soybeans. The three main types are the daidzein group, genistein group, and glycitein group. Each of these exists in four forms: free form, glucose conjugate, acetyl glucoside, and malonyl glucoside. The free form is commonly referred to as "aglycone," while the other three are collectively called "glycoside conjugates." Soybeans and their products are rich sources of isoflavones, with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/g in dry soybeans. Approximately 2-3% of the total isoflavone content is in the aglycone form, while 97-98% is present as glycosides. The distribution varies across different parts of the soybean. The hypocotyl contains the highest concentration, around 1-2%, but since it makes up only 2% of the seed's weight, its overall contribution is limited (10-20%). The cotyledons contain about 0.1-0.3% of isoflavones, accounting for 80-90% of the total. The seed coat has the lowest concentration, at just 0.03%. **II. Absorption and Metabolism** 1. Digestion and Absorption In nature, biochanin A and formononetin serve as precursors to daidzein and genistein, respectively. These are converted into soy isoflavones by gut microbiota. Studies have shown that soy isoflavones are primarily absorbed in the intestine, with an absorption rate of 10-40%. There are two main pathways: fat-soluble aglycones can be directly absorbed in the small intestine, while glycoside conjugates must be hydrolyzed by bacterial β-glucosidase in the colon, forming aglycones before being absorbed, mainly in the large intestine. 2. Metabolism There are significant individual differences in how soy isoflavones are metabolized. Generally, the bioavailability of isoflavones from soy mites is higher than that from soybean meal and soy flour. The final metabolites of soy mites are equol and deoxymethylangol, while those from the genus are eventually broken down into 4-ethylphenol. Unmetabolized bound isoflavones are not easily absorbed and are excreted through bile into the intestine. Isoflavones that are metabolized by the liver and intestines can be re-conjugated into biologically inactive compounds.

Other Bathroom Accessories

bathroom showers,bathroom shower sets,bathroom shower odm,bathroom shower oem

Guangdong Kinen Sanitary Ware Industrial Co.,Ltd. , https://www.kinengroup.com