Pay attention to the problem of insufficient energy intake in weaned piglets
1 Weaned piglets lack energy intake
Piglets are prone to weaning stress during weaning. At this time, the intestines are not fully developed, and often the actual intake of energy cannot meet the required amount, resulting in insufficient energy intake and inhibiting the full development of the growth potential of weaned piglets.
Under natural conditions, weaning is a gradual process rather than an accidental incident imposed on piglets by business. Starting from the intake of colostrum, the piglet's intestines develop during lactation; the longer the lactation period, the more mature the development. However, in commercial production, piglets are weaned at 3 to 4 weeks of age, and intestinal development is affected in two ways. First, the sudden shift from breast milk to solid feed is a sudden, bizarre functional requirement imposed by the outside world on the intestines, often leading to a decline in intestinal digestive function, causing the pig's energy intake to be insufficient for a certain period of time. The amount of growth required; secondly, the start of the commercial weaning process is too early relative to the stage of intestinal development, often resulting in inability to adapt to weaned piglets, resulting in reduced feed intake or even food refusal, resulting in insufficient energy intake.
The quality of feed ingredients in China is uneven, which leads to the problem of insufficient energy intake in weaned piglets. By summarizing the data of the control group in the published literature in the past 10 years, comparing the energy intake of weaned piglets at home and abroad, it is found that the energy intake of foreign weaned piglets is close to the recommended level of NRC (1998), while the domestic weaned piglets are close to the recommended level. Energy intake is much lower than the first two. When the weight of weaned piglets is about 7kg, the gap between domestic and foreign is about 100kcal per day; as the age of piglets increases, the gap in energy intake also increases. When weaned pigs weigh 15kg, the energy intake varies by 600-700kcal per day.
The gap in energy intake directly leads to the gap in the growth rate of weaned piglets at home and abroad. By summarizing the data of the control group in the published literature in the past 10 years, comparing the average daily gain of weaned piglets at home and abroad, it is found that when the weaned pigs weigh 7kg, the average daily gain is about 20g; when the weight reaches 15kg, The gap has reached more than 100g per day.
Insufficient energy intake leads to inhibition of growth of piglets after weaning, which in turn affects the performance of late growth performance. When the average daily increase of piglets was greater than 230g/d in the first week after weaning, the body weights at 28, 56, and 156d after weaning increased by 13.75%, 9.10%, and 4.71, respectively, compared with weaned piglets with a growth rate of less than 150g/d. %; and the number of days required for weaning to go out is reduced by nearly 10d. In summary, increasing energy intake not only improves the growth performance of weaned piglets, but also greatly promotes the performance of late growth performance.
2 Ways to increase energy intake in weaned piglets
Lactose (from dairy or crystalline lactose) and oil are often used as part of the energy source in typical pre-weaning piglets. After weaning, the digestive enzyme system of the gastrointestinal tract changes significantly, the activity of lactase decreases sharply, and the utilization rate of lactose in weaned piglets decreases. The activity of lipase does not increase significantly after weaning. The utilization rate of fats and oils is low, and the fats and oils products are at risk of being easily oxidized. The activity of carbohydrate enzymes such as amylase, maltase and isomaltase increased significantly with the increase of the age of weaned piglets, indicating that weaned piglets have the ability to utilize sugar. It may be a more cost effective method to provide energy to weaned piglets by using easily digestible sugars.
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