Uncover the true face of aflatoxin
What is aflatoxin? What is aflatoxin B1? What is aflatoxin M1? What is their relationship? Recently, the newspaper invited relevant experts to interpret the series of questions of public concern.
What is the relationship between A aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1?
Popular knowledge tells us that aflatoxin is a known carcinogen and is highly carcinogenic.
The reporter learned that there are 17 kinds of aflatoxins that have been discovered, among which the most widely distributed, highest content and most toxic is called aflatoxin B1.
So, what is the relationship between aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1? In order to clarify this problem, the reporter recently visited the Agricultural Products Processing Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to interview relevant experts.
To understand the relationship between aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1, first of all, we should understand what aflatoxin is? Liu Yang, a researcher at the Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, gave a detailed explanation: "Aspergillus flavus, parasitic Aspergillus and other molds After contaminating food and feed, a similar class of compounds is called aflatoxin. There are 17 aflatoxins that have been discovered. The aflatoxin B1 is 10 times more toxic than potassium cyanide and 68 times more than arsenic. 100 times of dichlorvos. In 1993, aflatoxin B1 was classified as a Class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. 97 countries in the world have established a limited standard for aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin B1 can contaminate corn and peanuts. , wheat, rice, peanut oil, cottonseed, dried fruits, dried fruit, spices, salted fish, etc."
Aflatoxin M1 is produced by cows, sheep and other mammals after being eaten by aflatoxin B1. It is produced by hydroxylation in the body, mainly in milk and kidney, liver and breast. The content of meat is very small. . Aflatoxin M1 is also a highly toxic, carcinogenic substance with three times the toxicity of potassium cyanide, 20 times that of arsenic and 30 times that of dichlorvos. In 2002, it was classified as a Class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization.
In China, with the increase in the intake of milk and dairy products, the potential harm of aflatoxin M1 to humans is increasing. It is difficult to destroy the food processing process such as heating and sterilization, which can only be destroyed above 268 °C. Destroy its structure.
B aflatoxin M1: a limited number of standards in all countries
Since aflatoxin M1 is highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans, in order to maximize the control of aflatoxin M1 intake, many countries in the world and in the world have established a limit standard for aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products ( See chart). China's General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has used aflatoxin M1 as an indicator for the detection and monitoring of milk and dairy products.
C multi-channel prevention and control aflatoxin
So, how to prevent milk and dairy products from being contaminated by aflatoxin M1?
Researcher Liu Yang said that preventing the feed from being contaminated by Aspergillus flavus and reducing the aflatoxin B1 content in the feed is the best choice for reducing the aflatoxin M1 content in the raw milk. On the one hand, it is necessary to strictly control the aflatoxin B1 content in feed ingredients such as corn and wheat bran, and to degrade and remove the aflatoxin B1 that has been discovered; on the other hand, strengthen management and ensure feed processing during feed processing and storage. The storage environment is dry, clean and hygienic, preventing the infection of Aspergillus flavus and the production of aflatoxin.
Dairy production enterprises should strictly follow the requirements of the AQSIQ, and the channel is to strictly control the content of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk. “Strengthen the detection of raw material aflatoxin M1 and control the content of aflatoxin M1 in raw materials is the most feasible means to control the content of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products. Dairy production enterprises should strictly follow the requirements of AQSIQ. Strengthen the detection of raw material aflatoxin M1 to ensure the safety of raw milk and dairy products."
"Milk and dairy products are the main food source for infants and young children. It is also one of the main animal protein sources of ordinary consumers in China. Its safety is of vital importance. Therefore, the national quality inspection department must strengthen the detection of aflatoxin M1. Monitoring efforts to ensure the quality and safety of milk and dairy products." Liu Yang said. (Reporter Hu Qifeng)
Limits for aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products in major countries and regions
Country/Region Product Limited Standard (μg/kg)
Chinese milk and dairy products 0.500
American milk and dairy products 0.500
Japanese milk and dairy products 0.500
Russian milk, cheese / sour milk products, animal and vegetable fat 0.500
EU milk and dairy products 0.050
Larger infant and toddler formulas 0.025
Special medical use infant formula 0.025
French fresh milk 0.050
Baby and young children's milk (under 3 years old) 0.030
German milk and dairy products 0.050
Baby and young children formulas 0.010
Swiss Fresh Milk 0.010
Dutch milk, milk powder / milk-based baby food 0.050
Dry baby formula 0.200
Butter 0.020
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