Flame adjustment is no longer a problem

In general, when using the oxy-fuel cutting method, three types of cutting flames can be achieved by adjusting the oxygen-to-acetylene ratio: oxidizing flame, reducing flame, and neutral flame (also known as the normal flame). Each type of flame has distinct characteristics and is suitable for different cutting conditions. An oxidizing flame is created when there is an excess of oxygen. The flame core appears conical and shorter than usual, with a less defined shape and a dimmer glow. The inner and outer flames are also shortened, giving the flame a purple-blue color. A hissing sound is often heard, which is related to the oxygen pressure. The temperature of this flame is higher than that of a neutral flame, but it is not recommended for cutting because it can cause poor cut quality and damage to the material. A reducing flame occurs when there is an excess of acetylene. The flame core lacks a clear outline, and its tip may show a greenish edge, indicating the presence of unburned acetylene. The reduction zone becomes unusually bright, almost blending with the flame core, while the outer flame appears yellow. If too much acetylene is present, the flame may start to smoke due to incomplete combustion caused by insufficient oxygen. The neutral flame is considered the most balanced and commonly used for cutting. It contains no free oxygen or carbon particles in its reduction zone and consists of three clearly defined areas. The flame core has a sharp, cylindrical shape, made up of acetylene and oxygen, with evenly rounded and shiny ends. The outer flame is composed of red-hot carbon particles, and the temperature of the flame core reaches around 1000°C. The reduction zone, where partial combustion occurs, produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen, reaching temperatures of about 3000°C. The outer flame, where complete combustion takes place, consists of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, with temperatures ranging between 1200°C and 2500°C. The energy of the preheating flame plays a crucial role in determining the cutting speed and the quality of the cut. As the thickness of the material increases and the cutting speed rises, the flame's energy should also increase. However, it must not be too intense, especially when cutting thick plates, as excessive heat can cause the top edge of the cut to melt and collapse. On the other hand, if the preheating flame is too weak, the material may not receive enough energy, leading to a slower cutting process or even a complete stop. Therefore, the strength of the preheating flame and the cutting speed are interdependent. When cutting thick steel plates, a reducing flame is typically used for preheating and cutting. This is because the reducing flame has a longer length, and its length should be at least 1.2 times the thickness of the plate. For steel plates up to 200 mm in thickness, a neutral flame usually provides better cutting quality. Choosing the right flame type ensures efficient and accurate cutting, helping to maintain the integrity and finish of the final product.

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