Flame adjustment is no longer a problem
2025-08-08 11:19:37
In general, when using the oxy-fuel cutting method, three types of flames can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of oxygen to acetylene: oxidizing flame, reducing flame, and neutral flame (also known as the normal flame). Each flame type has distinct characteristics and is suitable for different cutting conditions.
An oxidizing flame is created when there is an excess of oxygen. The flame core appears conical, shorter in length, and less defined in shape, with a dull brightness. Both the reduction zone and outer flame are also shortened, and the flame takes on a purple-blue color. It produces a hissing sound, which varies depending on the oxygen pressure. The temperature of this flame is higher than that of a neutral flame, but using it for cutting can significantly reduce the quality of the cut due to excessive oxidation.
A reducing flame occurs when there is an excess of acetylene. The flame core lacks a clear outline, and its tip shows a greenish edge, indicating the presence of unburned acetylene. The reduction zone becomes very bright and almost merges with the flame core, while the outer flame appears yellow. If too much acetylene is present, the flame may start to smoke because of insufficient oxygen for complete combustion.
The neutral flame is the most commonly used for cutting. It contains no free oxygen or carbon particles in the reduction zone, and it consists of three clearly defined areas. The flame core has a sharp, cylindrical shape, composed of a balanced mix of acetylene and oxygen. Its ends are smooth and shiny, and the outer layer consists of glowing carbon particles. The temperature of the flame core reaches around 1000°C, while the reduction zone, formed by incomplete combustion of acetylene, can reach up to about 3000°C. The outer flame, where complete combustion occurs, consists of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen, and its temperature ranges between 1200°C and 2500°C.
The energy of the preheating flame plays a crucial role in determining the cutting speed and the overall quality of the cut. As the thickness of the material increases and the cutting speed rises, the flame's energy must also increase. However, it should not be overly intense, especially when cutting thick plates. Excessive heat from the flame can cause the top edge of the cut to melt and collapse. On the other hand, if the flame is too weak, the workpiece may not receive enough energy, leading to a slower cutting process or even an interruption. Therefore, the strength of the preheating flame and the cutting speed are interdependent.
When cutting thick steel plates, it is recommended to use a reducing flame for preheating. This is because the reducing flame has a longer reach, and its length should be at least 1.2 times the thickness of the plate. For thinner plates, such as those up to 200 mm, a neutral flame usually provides better cutting results. Understanding and properly adjusting the flame type ensures efficient and high-quality cutting operations.
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