Shadow Blocking Effects on PV Power Plants and Solutions
In the design of PV power plants, we often encounter problems with shaded areas where we plan to install PV modules. When we encounter this problem, we need to find a suitable solution. Then how can we solve this problem? Let's explore together.
First of all, we first theoretically analyze the influence of shadows on the power generation of photovoltaic power plants. Before the analysis, we should know that, under normal circumstances, the shadow we are talking about is caused by the buildings next to it. This shadow is attached to the surface of the PV module. The shadow caused by dirt is different. The shadow caused by the adjacent building cannot completely shade the light and enter the PV module. Generally, since the sunlight contains scattered light, even if there is shielding, some light enters the PV module.
The figure above is the output curve of the component under the shielding ratio of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of light intensity blocked by one of the cells. The components are formed by connecting 54 cells in series. From this figure, we know that a single piece of solar cell shielding will cause the shape of the output curve of the component to change, resulting in a maximum power drop, but the maximum power point voltage and current do not necessarily become smaller. The greater the proportion of shading, the greater the power loss.
The figure above is the output curve measured by a component in the case of different bypass diode configurations. This component has 108 cells, the number of bypass diodes are: 2, 3, 4, 6 and the battery The configuration of the slice is: 54*2, 36*3, 27*4, 18*6, 9*6. From this figure, we know that the greater the number of diodes in a component, the less the loss of photovoltaic components generated by the shadow.
The figure above shows the output curve of the same component when the shaded cells are in different positions. This component consists of 3*18 cells. A indicates normal, and B indicates that 75% of light is blocked. 2A+ B1 means that one cell is covered, 1A+2B1 means that two cells are blocked, 3B1 means that three cells are blocked, a in the figure above indicates that the shaded cells are in the same string, and b is blocked Battery slices in different strings. This figure shows that the number of shaded cells is the same, but when the position is different, the output power of the component is affected by shadow shading.
The above analysis shows that the effect of shadow shading on the output power of PV modules is related not only to the factors of shading itself (the ratio of shading light, shading area, shading shape), but also to the internal structure of the components. Therefore, it is very difficult to quantitatively analyze the influence of shading on the output power of PV modules. Moreover, photovoltaic power generation systems are connected by photovoltaic modules, and other devices can generate electricity. If the analysis of the impact of shadows on photovoltaic power generation systems is even more complicated, we can only summarize some qualitative rules to help us minimize The effect of shadows on the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic systems.
In the actual project, we are more concerned about: how to calculate the shadow range? In particular, if the obstructing object is an irregularly shaped object and it is not in the positive south direction, how can we reduce the loss of power generation as much as possible if we cannot avoid the shadow? In addition to the influence of shadow on the output power of photovoltaic modules, will it cause security problems? On this issue, I will discuss in detail in the next chapter.
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