Zou Wenjun: Research and Application Report of Superhard Abrasives

**Abstract** Zou Wenjun, Dean of the School of Materials at Henan University of Technology, highlights the current state of the superhard materials and abrasives industry in China. The industry faces challenges such as an unbalanced scale structure, low industrial concentration, and a large proportion of small enterprises. Additionally, the research and development capabilities for new products are limited. Domestic abrasive products—such as resin cutting discs, ordinary belts, and grinding wheels—are predominantly positioned in the low-end market, characterized by low technical content and a lack of high-end technology products. As a result, the industry heavily relies on imports to meet the needs of sectors like automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, and locomotives, with only about one-third of the demand being met domestically. Moreover, overcapacity and severe homogenization of low-end products remain significant issues. However, there are positive signs of change. Product structure adjustments have started to show results, with high-end products gradually gaining market share. According to export data from 2011 to 2012, despite fluctuations, the export value remained substantial compared to the same period in previous years. The average price of exported abrasives also showed a notable increase, indicating a shift toward higher-quality products. Despite the appreciation of the RMB and pressure on foreign trade, export prices have continued to rise, which can only be attributed to an increase in the export volume of high-quality abrasives. Globally, the development of grinding technology is placing new demands on abrasive tools. High-speed CNC machining has become a crucial component of advanced manufacturing, representing the forefront of global CNC technology. High-efficiency precision grinding tools are essential for high-speed and high-efficiency CNC grinding. These technologies require abrasive tools that meet much stricter standards than conventional ones, including superior safety performance, uniformity in structure and hardness, precise manufacturing, shape retention, balance, grinding efficiency, durability, service life, workpiece surface quality, and tool quality stability. Superhard abrasives, including diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives, offer advantages that other abrasive tools cannot match. They are well-suited for high-speed CNC grinding and have led to several emerging trends: diamond abrasives are increasingly replacing silicon carbide abrasives, and CBN abrasives are gradually taking the place of traditional corundum abrasives. High-grade superhard abrasive products are evolving toward "faster, finer, thinner, thicker, smaller, larger, more durable," and more efficient. For example, the actual speed of CBN grinding wheels can reach 15–250 m/s, while laboratory speeds have exceeded 500 m/s. In terms of development and application technology, the industry is moving toward deeper processing of abrasives, automation of production equipment, and the replacement of traditional abrasives with superhard materials. New material technologies continue to emerge, and the demand for high-quality decorative items such as gems, crystals, and glass is increasing. Resin-type grinding wheels are being replaced by sanding discs, high-speed resin cutting sheets are giving way to metal-resin CBN cutting sheets, and steel paper grinding sheets are being coated with diamond grinding tablets. These changes reflect the ongoing evolution of the superhard materials and abrasives industry.

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