Zou Wenjun: Research and Application Report of Superhard Abrasives

**Abstract** Zou Wenjun, Dean of the School of Materials at Henan University of Technology, highlights the current state of the superhard materials and abrasives industry in China. The sector suffers from an unbalanced scale structure, with a low level of industrial concentration and a large number of small enterprises still dominating the market. Additionally, research and development capabilities for new products remain weak. Domestic abrasive products—such as resin cutting discs, conventional belts, and grinding wheels—are largely confined to the low-end market, characterized by low technical content and a lack of high-end technologies. As a result, China relies heavily on imports to meet the needs of key industries like automotive, aerospace, machine tools, bearings, and locomotives, which account for about one-third of the market demand. Furthermore, overcapacity and the homogenization of low-end products remain serious issues. However, there are positive signs of change. Product structure adjustments have started to yield results, with high-end products gradually gaining more market share. According to export data from 2011 to 2012, the value of exported abrasive products showed significant growth compared to the same period in previous years. While the renminbi has appreciated and foreign trade pressures have increased, the average price of these products has also risen. This suggests that the export volume of high-quality products is on the rise. Both the export value and domestic market share of premium abrasives have seen substantial increases. Globally, the development of grinding technology continues to push the boundaries of what abrasive tools can achieve. High-speed CNC machining has become a cornerstone of advanced manufacturing, representing the pinnacle of modern CNC technology. High-efficiency precision grinding tools are essential for high-speed and high-efficiency CNC grinding. These tools must meet stringent requirements beyond those of standard abrasives, including safety performance, uniformity in structure and hardness, manufacturing precision, shape retention, balance, grinding efficiency, durability, service life, workpiece surface quality, and tool quality stability. Superhard abrasives, such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasives, offer advantages that traditional tools cannot match. They are well-suited for high-speed CNC grinding processes, leading to clear trends in the industry: diamond abrasives are increasingly replacing silicon carbide, while CBN abrasives are taking the place of corundum. High-grade superhard abrasive products are being developed toward faster, finer, thinner, thicker, smaller, larger, and more durable designs. For example, the actual speed of CBN grinding wheels can reach up to 15–250 m/s, with laboratory speeds reaching as high as 500 m/s. In terms of development and application technology, several trends are emerging. The deep processing of abrasives is becoming more common, and automation in production equipment is gradually being adopted by enterprises. Ordinary abrasives are being replaced by superhard alternatives, and new material technologies continue to evolve. Demand for high-grade decorative materials such as gems, crystals, and glass is increasing. Resin grinding wheels are slowly being replaced by sanding discs, while high-speed resin cutting sheets are giving way to metal-resin CBN cutting sheets. Steel paper grinding sheets are being coated with diamond, and diamond grinding tablets are gradually replacing traditional options.

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