Working point of trolley furnace
China Aluminum Industry Network In the manufacturing sector, thermal processing equipment that uses energy to heat materials or raw substances is commonly referred to as a trolley furnace. These furnaces are known for their ease of maintenance and are primarily used for normalizing, quenching, and annealing mechanical components. While the operation is relatively straightforward, it still requires proper training to avoid any unnecessary damage or losses. Trolley furnaces are classified as batch-type units, meaning they do not have separate zones. The bottom of the furnace features a movable trolley. Before the heating process begins, the trolley is loaded outside the furnace, and the heating elements are placed in designated horns. A pulling mechanism then moves the trolley into the furnace for heating. After the process is complete, the trolley is pulled out again, or a crane is used to lift the heated workpiece onto a press machine for further processing.
Operators must be fully familiar with the structure, performance, and auxiliary systems of the trolley furnace. They should understand the layout of the electrical distribution system, control panels, and safety devices. It's essential to follow proper operating procedures and safety protocols. Before starting the furnace, a thorough pre-operation check is necessary. This includes verifying the power supply, checking for phase failure, short circuits, or exposed wires. The grounding connection should be secure, and the condition of the heating elements must be inspected for damage. All connections should be checked for good contact, ensuring they don’t touch the furnace body or housing. The temperature control system should also be tested for accuracy, and the furnace door movement and trolley function should be verified. Workpieces containing corrosive, volatile, or explosive gases must never be placed inside the furnace, as this can damage the heating elements and refractory materials and even cause explosions. Overheating the trolley furnace should be strictly avoided, as it can significantly reduce the lifespan of the equipment. Before loading, any excess workpieces on the trolley should be removed, and any debris should be brushed off using a wire brush. Workpieces should be evenly arranged, keeping a distance of about 100-150 mm from the heating elements. Rough handling is strictly prohibited—workpieces should be carefully placed to prevent impact. During operation, the operator must remain at their post and continuously monitor the furnace’s working condition. When loading or unloading workpieces, the heating element’s power must be turned off to ensure safety.
Regular cleaning of the trolley furnace, including the underside of the trolley, is crucial. At least once a week or every five cycles, the furnace should be cleaned. The floor beneath the furnace can be blown with compressed air, but care must be taken not to damage the resistance wire. The electric motors of the trolley furnace should be regularly inspected and lubricated, with attention given to the drive bushings to prevent damage from lack of oil. The heating elements should also be checked periodically. If they become bent or damaged after short-term use, they should not be crushed or hit. If not severely corroded or broken, they can be repaired using the same material as the trolley wire or by welding with acetylene gas. For more severe cases, a mixture of 50% white powder may be used for repair. If the heating elements are too damaged to be used, they must be replaced. The instrumentation and thermocouples of the trolley furnace should be regularly calibrated to ensure accurate temperature readings, which is critical for maintaining product quality. As a key type of furnace in the heavy machinery industry, the trolley furnace plays a vital role in heating and heat treatment processes for large castings and forgings. Some domestic trolley furnaces feature three flue pipes in their lower structures, built on a deep foundation with a large brick body. Approximately half of the total brickwork is underground, and the trolley track is installed above the flue. However, over time, temperature fluctuations in the flue can cause the trolley, which carries tens or hundreds of tons of workpieces, to sink, leading to deformation of up to 100 mm. This issue seriously affects the furnace’s operation and is a common problem that remains difficult to resolve completely.
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