Working point of trolley furnace
ã€China Aluminum Industry Network】 In the field of machinery manufacturing, thermal processing equipment that uses energy to heat materials or raw substances is commonly referred to as a trolley furnace. These furnaces are known for their ease of maintenance and are primarily used for processes such as normalizing, quenching, and annealing of mechanical parts. Although the operation may seem straightforward, proper training is essential to avoid costly mistakes and ensure safe usage. A trolley furnace is classified as a batch-type furnace, meaning it doesn’t have separate zones. The bottom of the furnace features a movable trolley. Before heating, the trolley is loaded outside the furnace, and the heating elements are placed in designated holders. A pulling mechanism then moves the trolley into the furnace for the heating process. After the operation, the trolley is pulled out, or a crane is used to lift the heated components for further processing. Operators must be thoroughly familiar with the structure, performance, and auxiliary equipment of the trolley furnace. They should also understand the layout of the electrical distribution system, control systems, and the location of all safety devices. Proper operating procedures and safety practices must be strictly followed. Before starting, a pre-operation check is required: verify the power supply is stable, check for phase failure, short circuits, or exposed wires, and ensure the grounding connection is secure. Inspect the heating elements for damage, check the contact points at all connections, and confirm they are not touching the furnace body or housing. Also, verify that the temperature control system is functioning correctly and that the furnace door operates smoothly, along with the trolley’s movement. It is strictly prohibited to load workpieces containing corrosive, volatile, or explosive gases into the furnace, as this can damage the heating elements and refractory materials, potentially leading to dangerous situations. Overheating the furnace should be avoided, as it reduces the lifespan of the equipment. Before loading, any excess workpieces on the trolley should be removed and cleaned with a wire brush. Workpieces must be evenly arranged, maintaining a distance of approximately 100–150 mm from the heating elements. Rough handling is not allowed—workpieces should be carefully placed to prevent damage. During operation, the operator must remain at their post and continuously monitor the furnace’s condition. When loading or unloading, the power to the heating elements must be turned off to ensure personal safety. Regular cleaning of oxides, including the underside of the trolley track, is necessary—ideally once a week or every five cycles. Compressed air can be used to clean the floor beneath the furnace. If resistance wires are used, care must be taken not to touch or damage them. The electric motors of the trolley furnace should be regularly inspected and lubricated. Attention must be paid to the drive bushings, ensuring they are well-lubricated to prevent wear due to lack of oil. Heating elements should also be checked periodically. After short-term use, they should not be bent or collided with. If they are not severely damaged, replacement can be done using the same material or even the trolley wire itself, with acetylene welding used if necessary. If the heating element is too corroded, it should be replaced immediately. Instrumentation and thermocouples should be regularly calibrated to avoid errors in temperature measurement, which could affect product quality. Trolley furnaces are widely used in the heavy machinery industry for heat treatment of large castings and forgings. Some domestic models feature three flue pipes in their lower structures, built on deep foundations with extensive brickwork. A significant portion of the brick structure lies underground, and the trolley track is installed above the flue. Over time, temperature fluctuations in the flue and the heavy load of the trolley (often tens or hundreds of tons) can cause the track to sink, sometimes by up to 100 mm. This deformation seriously affects the smooth operation of the trolley and the overall furnace performance, making it one of the most persistent issues in trolley furnace design. Despite various efforts, this problem remains difficult to fully resolve.
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