Photovoltaic power generation classification
Photovoltaic power generation can be divided into two main types: off-grid and grid-connected systems.
1. An off-grid system is typically composed of solar panels, a charge controller, and a battery bank. If the system needs to power AC devices, an inverter must also be included to convert DC power into AC. These systems are ideal for remote areas where access to the main electricity grid is limited or unavailable.
2. A grid-connected system allows solar-generated direct current (DC) to be converted into alternating current (AC) that matches the specifications of the utility grid using a grid-tied inverter. This AC power is then directly fed into the public power network. There are two major forms of grid-connected systems: large-scale centralized stations and small-scale decentralized ones. Large-scale projects are usually state-run and require significant investment, long construction periods, and large land areas, which has limited their development so far. On the other hand, smaller, decentralized photovoltaic systems—especially those integrated with buildings—are becoming increasingly popular due to their lower costs, faster installation times, minimal space requirements, and strong government incentives. These systems are seen as the future of solar energy adoption in urban environments.
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